Exploring science and mathematics in a child's world
著者
書誌事項
Exploring science and mathematics in a child's world
Pearson/Merrill Prentice Hall, c2009
注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
How do young children learn math and science? Exploring Science and Mathematics in a Child's World examines the development of learning theory through twelve concept explorations on basic natural science themes. The book models how best learning practices are constructed in classroom settings. It also demonstrates how to apply mathematical concepts in authentic minds-on and hands-on experiences related to science.
Part One lays the foundation of child development, interrelated mathematics and science processes, and Concept Exploration design. Concept Exploration provides an alternative approach to the usual reliance on a basis model, enabling the teacher and students to explore a wider range of design concepts. This is outlined in Chapter Six. Part Two contains chapters of activities based around a theme such as water, clouds, sun and shadows, wind, birds, insects, and more. All of the activities correlate to the NSES and NCTM standards. This is pictured in a chart at the beginning of each activity chapter for easy reference.
For schools where blended math and science courses are offered, this book fills a need as one that demonstrates appropriate content integration and will be a great reference for teachers for many years.
目次
PART I
Chapter 1: A CHILD'S WORLD - How Young Children Learn
INTRODUCTION
Implications for Adults
A Child's World of Cause and Effect
Creating Environments that Support Development
How Emergence of Language Supports Mathematics and Science Learning
Emergence of Symbolic Language
Mathematics Development
Pattern - the underlying theme of all mathematic and science
Sequence - organization and order of succession of events and experiences
Seriation - organizing or ordering things in a logical way
Spatial Relationships
Object Permanence
Sorting - putting together items with like attributes
Comparing - noting similarities and differences between items or events
Classifying
One-to-One Correspondence
Thinking Skills
Observing
Imagining
Problem Solving
Collecting and Organizing Data
National Standards in Mathematics and Science
Review and Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 2: NURTURING CHILD DEVELOPMENT - Environments that Promote Learning
INTRODUCTION
Creating a Culture of Caring: The Teacher's Role
Valuing Children and Childhood
Safety within a Caring Culture
Play
Providing Emotional Security
Being Responsive
Constructing Meaning through Misconceptions
Building a Sense of Community
Families and Schools Together
Children's Questions and Curiosities
Experiencing Newness
Encouraging Wonder and Discovery
Teachers' Roles in Creating a Curious Classroom
Wiggle Room and Opportunities for Movement
Creating an Environment
Cooperative Culture for Independent Thinking
Concept Explorations - Long term projects
Documenting Experiences
Documenting through Concept Exploration
Review and Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 3: THE PROCESS OF PROBLEM SOLVING FOR CHILDREN
INTRODUCTION
The Nature of Problem Solving
Problem-Solving Styles
Active Versus Reflective Styles
How Problem-Solving Styles Affect Classroom Practices and Student Experiences
Teacher Tendencies
Student Tendencies
Teacher and Student Interactions
Random Abstract Teachers and Concrete Sequential Students
Concrete Sequential Teachers and Random Abstract Students
Classroom Experiences with Problem Solving
Authentic Learning - Problem Solving in the Real World
Design of Classroom Activities that Encourage Problem Solving
Teaching at Each of the Four Stages of Problem Solving
Collecting and Organizing Data
Review and Discussion Questions
CHAPTER 4: MEASUREMENT ~ A WAY TO CAPTURE OBSERVATIONS IN MATHEMATICS AND SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION
Using Senses to Experience the World
How Things Change and Grow
Seeking Inventive Ways to Capture Change and Growth
Formal Approaches and Techniques of Measurement
National Standards Concerning Measurement
Instructional Psychology for Teaching Measurement
Some Ideas for Teaching Children to Measure
Ways to Help Children Communicate and Share Mathematical Ideas
Group Sharing and Discussion Format
Journaling
Making a Book
Modeling Appropriate Mathematical and Scientific Language
Relating Rational Counting of Units to the Process of Measurement
Providing Discrete Items to Count when Measuring
Developing Referents for Measurement
Temperature
Review and Discussion Questions
Resources for Teachers
CHAPTER 5: ORGANIZING DATA IN SCIENCE AND MATHEMATICS
INTRODUCTION
Usefulness of Charts and Graphs
Types of Charts
Webs
Venn Diagrams
Types of Graphs
People Graphs
Concrete Graphs
Pictographs
Bar Graphs
Histograms
Circle Graphs
Line Graphs
Using Maps to Organize Data
Review and Discussion Questions
Resources for Teachers
CHAPTER 6: CRITERIA FOR DEVELOPING CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
INTRODUCTION
Provides Solid Science and Mathematics Content
Solid Science Content
Solid Mathematics Content
Considers the Appropriate Level of Child Development
Truly Integrates Mathematics and Science
Is Guided by the Child's World
Incorporates Children's Literature
Actively Involves Children through Common Basic Materials
Is Founded on a Safe Environment
Concept Exploration Design
Concept Exploration Introduction
Concept Exploration Activities for your Classroom
Conceptual Framework for Science and Mathematics
Children's Explorations
National Science Education Standards
National Council of Teachers of Mathematics National Standards
The Pre-K - 2 Content Standards
The Pre-K - 2 Process Standards
Resources
Resource Books
Storybooks
Picture Books
Multicultural Books
Writing Your Own Book
Review and Discussion Questions
PART II MATH/SCIENCE CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
CHAPTER 7: ASTRONOMY AND SPACE SCIENCE
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
Newton's Three Laws of Motion and Basic Rocketry
Star Formation
Telescopes and Children
Mathematics: Addressing the NCTM Standards through Concept Explorations
Number and Operation
Algebra and Patterns
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
Observing with All the Senses
Sight
Sound
Safety
Concept Explorations on Astronomy and Space Science for Your Classroom
1. Solar System Models
2. Solar Dances
3. Golf Ball Lunology
4. Moon Watching
5. Binocular Beauties
6. Observing the Sun
7. Collecting Micro-Meteorites
8. Balloon Rockets
9. Film Canister Rockets
10. Water Rockets
11. Air Rockets
12. Chemical Rockets
13. How High Did It Go?
Activities in Other Exploration That Relate to Astronomy and Space Science
Resources for Teachers
Books
Article
Websites
Children's Books on Astronomy and Space Science
CHAPTER 8: BIRDS
INTRODUCTION
Science Concepts for Teachers
Bird Basics
Feather Structure and Types
Migratory Patterns
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number Operation
Algebra and Patterns
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis with Number and Operation
Observing with All the Senses
Sight
Touch
Sound
SAFETY
CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS ON BIRDS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Adopt a Bird
2. Feed the Birds
3. Chart the Birds
4. Food Preferences of Birds
5. Constructing Bird Hotels
6. What's A Bird Have to Say?
7. Construction Time: Can You Build as Well as a Bird?
8. Fright Distance
9. How Do Birds Interact with Each Other and with Other Animals
10. How High Do Birds Fly?
11. Where Do Birds Go for the Winter?
12. Feathers of Fine Friends
13. Egg Incubators
14. How Much Does a Bird Weigh?
15. Birds in Different Cultures
Activities in Other Explorations that Relate to Birds
Resources for Teachers
Books
Journal
Computer Disk
Web Sites
Children's Books on Birds
CHAPTER 9: CLOUDS
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
What Causes Clouds
Types of Clouds
Mathematics: Addressing the NCTM Standards Through Learning Experiences
Algebra
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Sound
SAFETY
CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS ON CLOUDS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Head in the Clouds
2. Capture the Clouds
3. Catch Your Breath
4. How High Is a Cloud?
5. What to Do with the Weather
6. Cloudy Sky Stories
7. I've Looked at Clouds from Both Sides Now
8. Which Way are You Going?
9. As the Saying Goes
Activities in Other Explorations that Relate to Clouds
Resources for Teachers
Books
Websites
Children's Books on Clouds
CHAPTER 10: INSECTS
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
Insect Basics
Metamorphosis
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Number and Operation
Algebra, Patterns, and Sorting
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Sound
Touch
Smell and Taste
SAFETY
CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS ON INSECTS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Let's Build an Insect Zoo
2. Create an Insect and Design Its Habitat.
3. Bedtime Bonanza
4. Plant Hotels
5. My Life Story by Billy Beetle
6. Insect Galls
7. Butterfly Detectives
8. Interviewing Insects
9. Ant Investigations
10. Insect Picnic
11. Air Explorations
12. Insect Songs
13. Underground Activities
14. Chromo Pubescents
Activities in Other Explorations that Relate to Insects
Resources for Teachers
Books
Articles
Web Sites
Children's Books on Insects
CHAPTER 11: LEAVES
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
The Value of Leaves
Photosynthesis
Compost
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number and Operation and Algebra
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
Patterns and Sequencing
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Sound
Touch
Smell
SAFETY
CONCEPT EXPLORATION ON LEAVES FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Falling Leaves
2. Quiet Leaves
3. Leafy Lunch
4. Scratch and Sniff
5. Evergreens Also Have Leaves
6. Insects Like Leaves Too!
7. A Tribute to Transpiration
8. Leaves - Where Do They All Go?
9. Leaves - Alike But Different
10. A Rainbow Connection of Leaves
11. Leaves' Lasting Impressions
12. From a Leaf's Perspective
Activities in Other Exploration that Relate to Leaves
Resources for Teachers
Books
Web Sites
Children's Books on Leaves
CHAPTER 12: MATH/SCIENCE CONCEPT EXPLORATION: LIGHT AND COLOR
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
What Is Light and How Is It Produced?
Polarization
Light's Enigma: The Duality of Wave and Particle Theories of Light
Visible Light
The Speed of Light
The Normal Sighted Eye
Primary Colors
Absorption and Reflection of Light
Refraction
What Are Lasers and How Do They Work?
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH LEARNING EXPERIENCES
Number and Operation
Algebra
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Sound
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON LIGHT AND COLOR FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Pinhole Projects
2. Mirrors
3. Seeing Yourself as Others See You
4. The Candle Burning Under Water
5. Up Periscope
6. Doubling Your Fish
7. Reflections of a Laser Pointer
8. Magic Marker Magic
9. Combining Colors
10. Color Television Basic Color
11. Paper Chromatography
12. Technicolor World
13. Grow Plants with a Green Filter
14. Visualizing Sound with Light
Activities in Other Explorations that Relate to Light and Color
Resources for Teachers
Books
Web Sites
Children's Books
CHAPTER 13: ROCKS
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
Don't Take All Rocks for Granite- What are Minerals and Rocks?
The Rock Cycle
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number and Operation
Algebra
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Touch
Sound
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON ROCKS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Rocks Waiting to Be Found
2. Swap Rocks with Students in Other Schools
3. My Life Story by Rocky
4. Building Stones
5. Rainbow Rocks
6. Stream Sorting
7. Statues, Jewels, and Trinkets
8. Rocks - Pieces and Parts
9. Fossils
10. Graveyard Geology
Activities in Other Explorations That Relate to Rocks
Resources for Teachers
Books
Web Sites
Children's Books on Rocks
CHAPTER 14: SEEDS
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
The Nature of Seeds
Parts of a Seed
Seed Germination
Seed Transportation
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number and Operation
Algebra and Patterns
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Touch
Sound
Taste
Smell
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON SEEDS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Eating Seeds is Fun!
2. What Foods Do We Eat?
3. What Do Our Animal Neighbors Eat?
4. Seeds Growing in Nature
5. The Germination Race
6. Trees Grow from Seeds
7. Flower Seeds to Flower Seeds
8. Pop corn, Indian Corn, Sweet Corn
9. Let's be Gentle!
10. All Quiet on the Stage!
11. Lights, Camera, Action
12. Story Time
13. Seed Mosaics
Activities in Other Exploration that Relate to Seeds
Resources for Teachers
Books
Article
Web Sites
Children's Books on Seeds
CHAPTER 15: SUN AND SHADOWS
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
The Sun is a Nuclear Furnace
The Earth's Revolution and Rotation Determine the Earth's Seasons
The Sun in Our Sky
Observing the Daily and Annual Motion of the Sun in Our Sky
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number and Operation
Algebra
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Touch
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON SUN AND SHADOWS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Here Comes the Sun
2. I Saw the Sun Move
3. Me and My Shadow
4. Silhouettes
5. Exploring the Shapes and Sizes of Shadows
6. Photo Opportunities
7. Shadow Game
8. The Warmth of the Sun
9. The Sun Is a Spotlight
10. Mythology and the Sun
Activities in Other Exploration that Relate to Sun and Shadows
Resources for Teachers
Books
Article
Web Sites
Children's Books on Sun and Shadows
CHAPTER 16: TOYS AND TOOLS
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
Simple Machines
Mechanical Advantage
Inertia
Center of Gravity
Friction
Mass and Weight
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number and Operation
Algebra
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis and Probability
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Touch
Sound
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON TOYS AND TOOLS FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Toy Festival
2. How Many Simple Machines Can You Find?
3. Rulers and Pencils
4. Strings and Things
5. The Toy Factory
6. Toys of Different Countries
7. The Human Machine
8. Invention Convention
9. The Ball Olympics
Activities in Other Exploration that Relate to Toys and Tools
Resources for Teachers
Books
Article
Web Sites
Children's Books on Toys and Tools
CHAPTER 17: WATER
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
Water Cycle
A Detailed Water Cycle
The Water Planet
The Curious Nature of Water
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Number and Operation
Algebra, Patterns, and Sorting
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Touch
Sound
Taste and Smell
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON WATER FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. Splish, Splash
2. Water, Water, Everywhere!
3. How Much Water Do We Use in a day?
4. Don't Drown Lincoln
5. Little Water - Big Water
6. Water Resources and Water Treatment Plants
7. The Classroom River
8. Drip, Drop, Tick, Tock
9. Water Words
10. Water's Work
11. Sequencing Water Processes
12. I Scream! You Scream! We all Scream for Ice Cream!
Activities in Other Exploration that Relate to Water
Resources for Teachers
Books
Journal
Web Sites
Children's Books on Water
Books About Rain
Books About Snow
CHAPTER 18: WIND
INTRODUCTION
SCIENCE CONCEPTS FOR TEACHERS
What Is Wind?
Wind Chill
MATHEMATICS: ADDRESSING THE NCTM STANDARDS THROUGH CONCEPT EXPLORATIONS
Geometry
Measurement
Data Analysis
OBSERVING WITH ALL THE SENSES
Sight
Sound
Touch
Smell and Taste
SAFETY
CONCEPTS EXPLORATONS ON WIND FOR YOUR CLASSROOM
1. See the Wind
2. Capture the Wind
3. Let's Go Fly a Kite
4. Construct a Maximum Wind Gust Measuring Device
5. Watching the Leaves Blow
6. Animals Using the Wind
7. Using the Wind to Do Work
8. Water Evaporation
9. Micro and Macro
Activities in Other Explorations That Relate to Wind
Resources for Teachers
Books
Websites
Children's Books on Wind
APPENDIX: NCTM PROCESS STANDARDS THROUGH GRADE 12
REFERENCES
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