The science of culture in Enlightenment Germany
著者
書誌事項
The science of culture in Enlightenment Germany
（Harvard historical studies, 159）
Harvard University Press, 2007
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 301-351) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
In the late 1770s, as a wave of revolution and republican unrest swept across Europe, scholars looked with urgency on the progress of European civilization. The question of social development was addressed from Edinburgh to St. Petersburg, with German scholars, including C. G. Heyne, Christoph Meiners, and J. G. Eichhorn, at the center of the discussion.
Michael Carhart examines their approaches to understanding human development by investigating the invention of a new analytic category, "culture." In an effort to define human nature and culture, scholars analyzed ancient texts for insights into language and the human mind in its early stages, together with writings from modern travelers, who provided data about various primitive societies. Some scholars began to doubt the existence of any essential human nature, arguing instead for human culture. If language was the vehicle of reason, what did it mean that all languages were different? Were rationality and virtue universal or unique to a given nation?
In this scholarship lie the roots of anthropology, sociology, and classical philology. Dissecting the debates over nature versus culture in Enlightenment Europe, Carhart offers a valuable contribution to cultural and intellectual history and the history of the human sciences.
目次
List of Maps and Illustrations Acknowledgments Introduction: Words and Things 1. Orientalism and Reform 2. Culture and the Origin of Language 3. The Search for the Historical Plato 4. The Search for the Historical Homer 5. The Search for the Historical Moses 6. The Sociology of Ancient History 7. Three Anthropologies 8. A Scientific Revolution Conclusion: Enlightenment Social Science Notes Index
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