CiNii Books - Atom resolved surface reactions : nanocatalysis

This book offers a unique perspective of the impact of scanning probe microscopes on our understanding of the chemistry of the surface at the nanoscale. Research oriented, with the concepts gleaned from Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy being related to the more established and accepted views in surface chemistry and catalysis, the authors have addressed the question "How do the models based on classical spectroscopic and kinetic studies stand up to scrutiny at the atom-resolved level?". In taking this approach the reader, new to the field of surface chemistry, should be able to obtain a perspective on how the evidence from STM confirms or questions long standing tenets. An emphasis is given to "how did we get to where we are now" and a large number of figures from the literature are included along with suggestions for further reading. Topics discussed include: - the dynamics of oxygen chemisorption at metal surfaces - control of oxygen states and surface reconstruction - dissociative chemisorption of diatomic and hydrocarbon molecules - nanoparticles and chemical reactivity - STM at high pressures - structural studies of sulfur containing molecules and molecular templating This book will appeal to all those who wish to become familiar with the contribution Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy has made to the understanding of the field of surface chemistry and heterogeneous catalysis and also to those who are new to catalysis, a fascinating and important area of chemistry.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1: Some Milestones in the Development of Surface Chemistry and Catalysis
1 Introduction
2 1926: Catalysis, Theory and Practice
Rideal and Taylor
3 1932: Adsorption of Gases by Solids
Faraday Discussion, Oxford
4 1940: Seventeenth Faraday Lecture
Langmuir
5 1950: Heterogeneous Catalysis
Faraday Discussion, Liverpool
6 1957: Advances in Catalysis
International Congress on Catalysis, Philadelphia
7 1963: Conference on Clean Surfaces with Supplement: Surface Phenomena in Semiconductors, New York
8 1966: Faraday Discussion Meeting, Liverpool
9 1967: The Emergence of Photoelectron Spectroscopy
10 1968: Berkeley Meeting: Structure and Chemistry of Solid Surfaces
11 1972: A Discussion on the Physics and Chemistry of Surfaces, London
12 1987: Faraday Symposium, Bath Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 2:Experimental Methods in Surface Science Relevant to STM
1 Introduction
2 Kinetic Methods
3 Vibrational Spectroscopy
4 Work Function
5 Structural Studies
6 Photoelectron Spectroscopy
7 The Dynamics of Adsorption
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 3: Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy: Theory and Experiment
1 The Development of Ultramicroscopy
2 The Theory of STM
3 The Interpretation of STM Images
4 Scanning Tunnelling Spectroscopy
5 The STM Experiment
6 The Scanner
Sample Approach
Adaptations of the Scanner for Specific Experiments
7 Making STM Tips
Tip Materials
References
Chapter 4: Dynamics of Surface Reactions and Oxygen Chemisorption
1 Introduction
2 Surface Reconstruction and "Oxide" Formation
3 Oxygen States at Metal Surfaces
4 Control of Oxygen States by Coadsorbates
5 Adsorbate Interactions, Mobility and Residence Times
6 Atom-tracking STM
7 Hot Oxygen Adatoms: How Are They Formed?
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 5: Catalytic Oxidation at Metal Surfaces: Atom Resolved Evidence
1 Introduction
2 Ammonia Oxidation
Cu(110) Pre-exposed to Oxygen
Coadsorption of Ammonia-Oxygen Mixtures at Cu(110)
Coadsorption of Ammonia-Oxygen Mixtures at Mg(0001)
Ni(110) Pre-exposed to Oxygen
Ag(110) Pre-exposed to Oxygen
3 Oxidation of Carbon Monoxide
4 Oxidation of Hydrogen
5 Oxidation of Hydrocarbons
6 Oxidation of Hydrogen Sulfide and Sulfur Dioxide
7 Theoretical Analysis of Activation by Oxygen
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 6: Surface Modification by Alkali Metals
1 Introduction
2 Infrared Studies of CO at Cu(110)-Cs
3 Structural Studies of the Alkali Metal-modified Cu(110) Surfaces
Low-energy Electron Diffraction
Scanning Tunnelling Microscopy
Cu(110)-Cs System
Oxygen Chemisorption at Cu(110)-Cs
4 Reactivity of Cu(110)-Cs to NH3 and CO2
5 Au(110)-K System
6 Cu(100)-Li System
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 7: STM at High Pressure
1 Introduction
2 Catalysis and Chemisorption at Metals at High Pressure
Carbon Monoxide and Nitric Oxide
Hydrogenation of Olefins
3 Restructuring of the Pt(110)-(1 Î 2) Surface by Carbon Monoxide
4 Adsorption-induced Step Formation
5 Gold Particles at FeO(111)
6 Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange and Surface Poisoning
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 8: Molecular and Dissociated States of Molecules: Biphasic Systems
1 Introduction
2 Nitric Oxide
3 Nitrogen Adatoms: Surface Structure
4 Carbon Monoxide
5 Hydrogen
6 Dissociative Chemisorption of HCl at Cu(110)
7 Chlorobenzene
8 Hydrocarbon Dissociation: Carbide Formation
9 Dissociative Chemisorption of Phenyl Iodide
10 Chemisorption and Trimerization of Acetylene at Pt(111)
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 9: Nanoparticles and Chemical Reactivity
1 Introduction
2 Controlling Cluster Size on Surfaces
3 Alloy Ensembles
4 Nanoclusters at Oxide Surfaces
5 Oxidation and Polymerisation at Pd Atoms Deposited on MgO Surfaces
6 Clusters in Nanocatalysis
7 Molybdenum Sulfide Nanoclusters and Catalytic Hydrodesulfurisation Reaction Pathways
8 Nanoparticle Geometry at Oxide-supported Catalysts
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 10: Studies of Sulfur and Thiols at Metal Surfaces
1 Introduction
2 Studies of Atomic Sulfur Adsorbed at Metal Surfaces
Copper
Nickel
Gold and Silver
Platinum, Rhodium, Ruthenium and Rhenium
Alloy systems
3 Sulfur-containing Molecules
Summary
References
Further Reading
Chapter 11: Surface Engineering at the Nanoscale
1 Introduction
2 "Bottom-up" Surface Engineering
Van der Waals Forces
Hydrogen Bonding
Chiral Surfaces from Prochiral Adsorbates
Covalently Bonded Systems
3 Surface Engineering Using Diblock Copolymer Templates
Summary
References
Further Reading
Epilogue
Catalysis and the Greenhouse Phenomenon
Subject Index

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