Pharmaceutical economics and public policy
著者
書誌事項
Pharmaceutical economics and public policy
（Pharmaceutical health policy）
Pharmaceutical Products Press, c2007
- : hard
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. 235-243) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Get a comprehensive explanation of the key economic concepts on how the pharmaceutical market functions The pharmaceutical industry has come under intense public scrutiny for the perception of product prices being too high and for concerns about research and development spending. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy carefully explains the fundamentals of pharmaceutical economics while examining spending, costs, rates of return, and policies affecting the industry. This text provides a comprehensive economic analysis of the most important dimensions of the pharmaceutical market with easy-to-understand analysis of the implications of public policy. Key economic concepts necessary for understanding how the pharmaceutical market functions are clearly explained in detail. Though it is a manufacturing industry, the pharmaceutical industry has several economic aspects that make it fundamentally different from any other. Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy takes these sometimes confusing and difficult economic aspects within this unique industry and makes them understandable. The book is carefully referenced and includes numerous figures and tables to clearly present data. Topics in Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy include:
policymaking self-interest vs. public interest
a pharmaceutical market overview
empirical data on cost effectiveness of pharmaceutical use
the economics and politics of the regulatory process
the economics of patent policies
pharmaceutical cost structure
why price discrimination occurs in patented pharmaceuticals
governmental price controls
R&D expenditures
sales and marketing expenditures
rates of profitability in the pharmaceutical industry
mergers and acquisitions and the connection to higher risk levels
the future of the pharmaceutical industry
Pharmaceutical Economics and Public Policy is an invaluable resource for educators, graduate students, policymakers, legislators, policy analysts, government agencies, and trade associations involved with pharmaceuticals.
目次
List of Tables
List of Figures
Preface
Chapter 1. The Public Choice Model of Policymaking
Introduction
Theories of the Effects of Public Policy Initiatives
Applications of Theory to the Pharmaceutical Sector
Recent Legislative History
Summary
Chapter 2. An Overview of the Pharmaceutical Marketplace
Introduction
Market Structure
Market Conduct
Market Performance
Do Pharmaceuticals Improve Health Status and Are They Cost-Effective?
Profitability in the Industry
Summary
Chapter 3. Government Regulation and the Food and Drug Administration
Introduction
The Regulatory Process
The Nature of Incentives in the Regulatory Process
Costs and Benefits of the Regulatory Process
Summary
Chapter 4. Patent Policies
Analytic Dimensions of the Patent System
The Economics of the Patent System
Direct Price Controls
Reference Pricing
Parallel Trade
Compulsory Licensing
Summary
Chapter 5. The Cost Structure of the Pharmaceutical Industry
Introduction
Current Cost Data
The Nature of Costs
The Economic Concept of Cost Applied to the Pharmaceutical Industry
Summary
Chapter 6. The Demand for Pharmaceuticals
Introduction
The Production Function for Health
Demand Theory
Health Insurance
Price Discrimination
Summary
Chapter 7. Government Health Insurance Programs and the Demand for Pharmaceuticals
Introduction
Government-Financed Demand Market
Posted Prices for Pharmaceuticals to the Various Demanders
Medicaid Expenditures for Prescription Drugs
The Medicaid Rebate
Medicare Coverage of Prescription Drugs
Summary
Chapter 8. Research and Development Expenditures
Introduction
Pharmaceutical R & D Expenditures Over Time
The Early Time-Profile in the Life of Pharmaceuticals
Cash-Flow Profiles
Summary
Chapter 9. Sales and Marketing Expenditures
Introduction
Trends in Sales and Marketing
The Economic Literature on Advertising
Market Power Model
Information Model
The Economics of the Marketing and Advertising
An Economic Model of the Effects of Advertising
Summary
Chapter 10. Industry Profitability
Introduction
Normal Profits and Economic Profits
Nonprofit Versus For-Profit Forms of Enterprise
The Calculation of Profitability
Summary
Chapter 11. Mergers and Acquisitions
Introduction
Why Do Companies Merge?
Trends in Mergers in the Pharmaceutical Industry
Theoretical Aspects of Merger
Do Mergers in the Pharmaceutical Industry Serve a Useful Purpose?
The Efficient Markets Hypothesis
The Empirical Evidence on the Effects of Mergers
Summary
Chapter 12. Looking Into the Future
Introduction
The Interaction of the Principal Actors in Pharmaceuticals
The Recent Past in Biological Discovery
Future Developments
The Compression of Morbidity
The Emergence of the Biotechnological-Pharmaceutical Industry
Summary
Appendix A
Notes
References
Index
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