Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections
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Bibliographic Information
Development, Cytology, Topography and Connections
（Advances in anatomy, embryology and cell biology, 198. The subthalamic nucleus ; part.1）
Springer, 2008
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Description and Table of Contents
Description
1 Introduction 1.1 Hemiballism Hemiballism or hemichorea is a rare neurological disorder, but the crucial invol- ment of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) in its pathophysiology has been app- ciated for decades (Jakob 1923; Martin 1927; Glees and Wall 1946; Whittier and Mettler 1949; Carpenter and Carpenter 1951; Crossman 1987). Only recently have serious doubts come forward. Postuma and Lang (2003) have described the STN as being involved in only a minority of cases, and indicated unrecognized causes such as non-ketotic hyperosmolar hyperglycaemia and complications of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. Moreover, the crucial involvement of a lesion of the STN is in doubt (Guridi and Obeso 2001; Postuma and Lang 2003). On the other hand, idiopathic Parkinson's disease (Battistin et al. 1996; Usunoff et al. 2002) is a common neurodegenerative disorder, but the key role of the STN in the pathophysiological origin of the parkinsonian state has become evident only recently (Miller and DeLong 1987; Mitchell et al. 1989; Bergman et al. 1990, 1994; Hollerman and Grace 1992; Guridi et al. 1993; Parent and Hazrati 1995b; Hassani et al. 1996; Levy et al. 1997, 2002; Blandini et al.
2000; Hirsch et al. 2000; Ni et al.
Table of Contents
1 Introduction.- 2 Cytology of the STN.- 3 Ontogeny of the STN.- 4 Topography of the rat, cat, baboon, and human STN.- 5 Connections of the STN.- 6 Nigrosubthalamic connections in rat.- Subject index.
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