Academic renewal : innovation in leisure and tourism theories and methods
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書誌事項
Academic renewal : innovation in leisure and tourism theories and methods
（Leisure Studies Association conference papers, no. 97）（Making space : leisure, tourism and renewal, v. 2）
LSA, 2007
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Includes bibliographical references
内容説明・目次
内容説明
This collection of papers is one of four volumes to emanate from the Leisure Studies Association [LSA] annual conference in 2006. Hosted by the University of the West of England in Bristol, UK, it had as its key theme: Making Space: Leisure, Tourism and Renewal. The majority of papers presented focused on aspects of the production, consumption and regeneration of leisure and tourism landscapes and environments. In the conference generally, and in this volume of papers in particular, the important topic of educational renewal was addressed. Within this theme, presenters were encouraged to 'make space' to reflect on the renewal of the subject fields, the pedagogy that underpins leisure and tourism education and the research methodologies that enable us to contribute new knowledge.A major concern within contemporary leisure and tourism studies is the need to innovate in researching, understanding and theorising the complex phenomena of leisure and tourism.
For subject fields such as these to grow and strengthen, new directions in research are essential and if, as emerging subjects they are to be sustainable in the longer term, research and the education of future providers, practitioners and researchers in leisure and tourism are vital issues to address. Educating future professionals about the need to plan and manage leisure and tourism in more sustainable ways to minimise their potentially negative social, cultural and/or environmental impacts on our world is therefore an important consideration for all of us.During the 1990s, the importance of education in advancing the agenda of sustainability was highlighted by UNESCO's transdisciplinary programme 'Educating for a Sustainable Future'. As the UNESCO strategy states: "Education at all levels and in all its forms constitutes a vital tool for addressing virtually all global problems relevant for sustainable development, in particular poverty, HIV/AIDS, environmental degradation, knowledge formation and sharing, rural development and changes in production and consumption patterns".
Furthermore, according to the preamble of the UNESCO strategic priority on Educating for sustainability, "Education is not an end in itself. It is a key instrument for bringing about the changes in the knowledge, values, behaviours and lifestyles required to achieve sustainability and stability within and among countries, democracy, human security and peace".It is this view of education as having a significant role in shaping our understanding of the world around us, and therefore contributing to our ability to manage its resources sustainably for the longer term, that underpins the themes around which the papers in this volume are grouped. In exploring issues of academic renewal in leisure and tourism, education is thus deemed to comprise both the construction and dissemination of knowledge. The papers presented here deal with a diverse range of issues in the construction of knowledge, both in terms of how we collect data about leisure and tourism and how we use this information to theorise, evaluate, understand and explain individual experiences. They also discuss how we can employ leisure and tourism research and experience in educating students.The first set of papers in this volume explores the embodied and emotional aspects of leisure and tourism and how such experiences can be understood and theorised.
In researching these interesting issues they have drawn on a range of innovative methods and approaches that have the potential to contribute more broadly to our understanding of leisure and tourism practice. In their paper, Jaqui Allen-Collinson and John Hockey analyse the embodied and situated experience of distance running, combining auto-ethnography with ethno-methodology as their research approach.In examining habitual lifestyle practises they relate these to the importance of familiarity and ownership of space and place. The contribution of this innovative approach can be seen in the fact that, as they point out: 'Approaches such as ethnomethodological ethnography and analytic auto-ethnography, for example, have the capacity to provide social theory with detailed, empirical, analytic descriptions that can be incorporated into more abstract generalisations about social (including sporting) phenomena, in order better to ground these in social reality (Craig, 2003)'.Their paper does this by 'marking' and theorising the mundane activity of running together in public space.Lesley Hodgson's paper also deals with the experience of a physical activity, that of cycling in Tuscany.
She employs an interpretivist methodology to research the tourism experiences of a group of eight, independent Australian cyclists on a four-week cycling holiday in Tuscany, Italy. The paper draws on phenomenological research of lived experience to explore the significant inter-relationship between place and touristic experience. In theorising their experiences she concludes that the affective connection to Tuscany experienced by the cyclists 'was influenced by our cycling experiences and it is these experiences, both deliberate and serendipitous that we remember'. The lived and emotional experience of tourism practice and consumption is also a central concern of the next paper in this section, that of Sheena Westwood.Her innovative participant-led interpretive research approach combined in-depth interviews with participant-created visual texts to explore consumption encounters in a touristic context. These inventive methods have enabled her to explore 'a rich and fascinating range of individuality and personal perspectives' that are sometimes lacking in more objective accounts of touristic experience.
Her analysis of 'shopping spaces, styles of shopping, risk and risk-taking, interaction conventions and etiquette', thus contributes to our knowledge of some of the often hidden, but nonetheless significant, intangible aspects of the holiday experience. Julia Trapp-Fallon's paper, the final one in this section, also deals with subjective and emotional aspects of lived experience - this time in the context of leisure. Using an oral history method, she examines the motivations of volunteer canal restoration enthusiasts in Wales.Drawing on historical accounts of the development of the canal restoration movement and more recent interviews with those involved in the movement, she explores the links between volunteering and leisure. On the basis of her findings, she problematises whether the concept of 'serious leisure' actually goes far enough in explaining their commitment to this cause. The second section of the volume moves on from discussions of researching leisure and tourism consumption to explorations of leisure and tourism production and provision.
This collection of papers primarily focuses on evaluating leisure and tourism using and critiquing innovations in analysis and modelling, thereby contributing to our ability to manage leisure and tourism sustainably in the longer term.The first paper in this section, by Islam Elgammal and Eleri Jones, evaluates the potentially conflicting roles of stakeholders in sustainable tourism drawing on the case study of the proposed major tourism development of Bluestone holiday village in Wales. They argue that although the approach of Triple Bottom Line Sustainability (TBLS) has become very popular in management literature, it can be rendered problematic when the influence of government policy is taken into account. They use discourse analysis of attitudes of stakeholder motivation and exploration of policy conflict to explore 'the ontological and epistemological assumptions behind the Bluestone project and the involvement of the various stakeholders in these issues'.The second paper, by Jameel Khadaroo and Boopen Seetanah, employs quantitative methods to assess determinants of tourism infrastructure and specifically to examine how tourism infrastructure influences a destination's attractiveness.
They focus on the tourism industry in Mauritius, drawing on static and dynamic panel data estimates of tourist arrivals from different origin countries to examine the economy of a small case study island. Their findings suggest that tourists, particularly those from the West and the Asia, are sensitive to the transport infrastructure of a country. They show how factors such as infrastructure, level of development and income can be significant in affecting the growth and future of tourism in destinations.In the final paper in this section, Konstantina Theresia Vozikis presents her preliminary work on the development of a model to identify and map accessible and safe routes through cities. This tool, named "AccOrD ~4u2(c)" (Accessibility, Orientation and guiDance - for you too!), is designed to assist residents with reduced mobility, residents with disabilities and tourists, particularly those with reduced mobility and disabilities, by guiding them more safely around urban environments day and night. This paper, based on the exploratory phases of the author's PhD, outlines the rationale for, and proposed development of, this system.The third section of the volume contains a collection of papers devoted to analysis of teaching and learning in leisure and tourism.
As mentioned earlier, international policy initiatives have highlighted the significant role played by education in working towards sustainable development.The papers in this section consider a range of issues related to the development of curricula in leisure and tourism programmes, experiential learning on the part of students and the importance of leisure education for enhancing the lifestyle and well-being of undergraduates. The first paper, by Angela Phelps, considers the changing policy context of visitor studies in relation to the UK Government heritage sector initiative Inspiring Learning for All. In the paper, Angela charts developments in evaluation practice in UK museums and links this to Continuing Professional Development (CPD) and the education and training of museum and heritage professionals. She outlines the impact of funding initiatives on the style and operation of evaluation in museums and shows how this has resulted in emphasis being placed on CPD short vocational courses.She concludes that: 'making time for students to engage with the theoretical underpinning of audience research is necessary to ensure the new resources available for evaluation serve not only the needs of performance measurement, but also inform imaginative development'.
Josephine Burden's paper presents an action learning case study in community cultural development, drawing on the example of the Toohey Forest project in Brisbane, Australia and its use as a framework for activities within two courses, Community Cultural Development and Community Arts, in a Bachelor of Business (Leisure Management) degree programme. She charts the re-structuring of the Leisure Management undergraduate degree programme and the cultural shift that occurs as a consequence of its relocation within a Business School.In discussing the use of the Toohey Forest project as a site of resistance to the dominant economic discourse permeating the culture of some leisure and tourism programmes, she posits that 'analysis of the process of the Community Cultural Development and Community Arts courses in 2006 might suggest some ways of sustaining the cultural, social and environmental values that underpin our work in Leisure in an environment that privileges the economic basis of sustainability to the detriment of other foundations of vitality in communities'.
An emphasis on the social and cultural aspects of sustainability in tourism programmes also characterises the third paper in this section, by Lisa Power and Robert Burton. Their study focuses on a field trip undertaken by 24 Tourism BA (Hons) undergraduate students from Southampton Solent University (SSU) to The Gambia in January 2006.Concerned that the students on previous trips had not been given sufficient opportunity to explore the country beyond the beaches of the Tourism Development Area, links were forged with a local Gambian non-governmental, charitable organisation in a bid to incorporate into the trip further opportunities for interaction between the students and local Gambian people. They conclude that whilst 'it is recognised that for some, perhaps even many members of the group, only superficial knowledge of Gambian culture was acquired, what this paper can definitely assert is that for the participants the fieldtrip was highly memorable'. The final paper in the volume, by Suavi Ahipasaoglu, discusses the significance of leisure education in encouraging students to adopt healthy lifestyles.According to Ahipasaoglu, through such educational process 'a student may learn how leisure can be beneficial and rewarding, which activities will contribute to the student's sense of self, and which activities the student is skilled in'.
The aim of this exploratory study is to outline a proposed new leisure education model and to analyse student perceptions of the value of this approach for educating them about healthy leisure lifestyles. In common with other papers in the volume, this study ends by highlighting the potential value of leisure (and tourism) education for the future.
目次
Editors' IntroductionAcademic Renewal: Innovation in Leisureand Tourism Theories and MethodsFiona Jordan, Lindsey Kilgour and Nigel Morgan vI Exploring Embodied and Emotional Aspects of Leisureand Tourism: New Directions in Theorising ExperiencePublic Space and Running-together: Some Ethno-Methodological ConsiderationsJacquelyn Allen Collinson and John Hockey 3Bicycle Touring and the Construction of Place: A Studyof Place Meanings on a Cycle Tour of Tuscany, ItalyLesley Hodgson 25Tourists Who Shop: Examining Tourist ConsumptionEncounters in Sanitised and Un-sanitised SpacesSheena Westwood 43Reflections on Canal Enthusiasts as Leisure VolunteersJulia M. Trapp-Fallon 65II Evaluating Leisure and Tourism: Innovations in Analysisand ModellingUsing Discourse Analysis to Explore the Achievability ofTriple Bottom Line Sustainability (TBLS): The Case ofthe Bluestone Holiday VillageIslam Elgammal and Eleri Jones 83The Role of Transport Infrastructure in a Destination'sAttractiveness: A Panel Data Approach for the Caseof MauritiusJameel Khadaroo and Boopen Seetanah 107AccOrD~4u2(c) -- A Gis Application in the Leisure andTourism Service for People with Disabilities andReduced MobilityKonstantina Theresia Vozikis 125III Leisure, Tourism and Learning: Educating for SustainableDevelopmentFocusing Visitor Studies: Integrating EducationalPhilosophy and Museum Evaluation PracticeAngela Phelps 137Cultural, Social and Environmental Sustainability in aShifting University Context: the Toohey Forest ProjectJosephine Burden 151N baabaa la baa be baabaa kono: My Father's Goat isin the Big River. A Case Study in Fostering CulturalInteraction in the GambiaLisa Power and Robert Burton 167Leisure Education: Undergraduate Students' Perceptionsof a New Model -- USLEMSuavi Ahipasaoglu 187Other Volumes from LSA Publications 207
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