New strategies for new challenges : corporate innovation in the United States and Japan : report of a joint task force of the National Research Council and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
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書誌事項
New strategies for new challenges : corporate innovation in the United States and Japan : report of a joint task force of the National Research Council and the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science
（The Compass series）
National Academy Press, c1999
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Includes bibliographical references
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Innovation, "the process by which firms master and get into practice product designs and manufacturing processes that are new to them," is vital for companies wishing to remain competitive in today's rapidly changing high technology industries. American and Japanese firms are among the world's most technologically innovative and competitive. However, the changing dynamics of global competition are forcing them to rethink their technological innovation strategies. The choices they make will have great impact on their futures as companies as well as on the livelihoods of their employees and the communities in which they operate.
In order to understand the ways in which Japanese and American companies are changing their technological innovation strategies and practices, the Committee on Japan of the National Research Council and the Committee on Advanced Technology and the International Environment (Committee 149) of the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) organized a bilateral task force composed of leading representatives from industry and academia to assess developments in corporate innovation strategies and report on their findings. Through a workshop discussion of the issues and subsequent interaction, the task force explored the institutional division of innovation in both countries: the structure and performance of technology-based industries, the role of the government in the support of science and technology, and the role of universities in the science and technology system. The task force was particularly interested in exploring the points on which the two systems are converging,-i.e., becoming more similar in strategy and practice-and where they continue to be distinct and different.
Although a comprehensive study of these trends in U.S. and Japanese innovation was not easily feasible, the task force was able to develop several conclusions based on its workshop discussion and follow-up interactions that were substantial in time and content. This report identifies a set of issues whose further elucidation should be helpful in guiding public policy in both nations. These issues include the role of external sourcing of innovation, transnational activity and globalization, the organization and performance of R&D, and the role of consortia, joint ventures and other joint activities. A call for greater international efforts to collect and analyze data on these important trends is the central recommendation of the task force.
Table of Contents
Front Matter
MAJOR AREAS OF U.S.-JAPAN CONVERGENCE AND CONTINUED DISPARITY
Role of Government
Labor-Market Practices
Greater Reliance on External Sources of Innovation.
Need to Continue Scholarly Work on Models and Frameworks for
Innovation
NOTES AND REFERENCES
1 Introduction
NOTES AND REFERENCES
NATIONAL LEVEL DIFFERENCES
R&D's Role in Setting Corporate Business Plans
NOTES AND REFERENCES
3 Are the U.S. and Japanese Innovation Systems Converging? Evidence
for and Against
Capital Markets
Focus on Improving Productivity
Globalization of Innovation
Joint Initiatives in Manufacturing and Product Development
Issues Raised by Globalization
CHANGES IN GOVERNMENT'S ROLE
NOTES AND REFERENCES
EXTERNAL SOURCING OF TECHNOLOGY AND INNOVATION
Vertical and Diagonal Relationships in Outsourcing
Diversification vs. New Firm Creation in Relation to Outsourcing of
Innovation
Impact of External Sourcing of Innovation
Precompetitive Research Partnerships, Alliances, and Consortia
CONSORTIA FOR INFORMAL STANDARDIZATION AND RELATED TECHNOLOGY
DEVELOPMENT
NOTES AND REFERENCES
DEMAND ARTICULATION
INDICATORS OF JAPANESE AND U.S. TECHNOLOGY RESOURCES AND ASSETS
CORPORATE TECHNOLOGY STOCK MODEL
NOTES AND REFERENCES
U.S.-Japan "Problem Convergence" and Continued Disparities in
Environments and Approaches
Need for International Efforts to Improve the Quantity and Quality
of Data on Innovation
Need for Additional Work on Models and Conceptual Frameworks for
Innovation, and Research on Similarities and Differences
De Facto Standards
NOTES AND REFERENCES
目次
- 1 Front Matter
- 2 Executive Summary
- 3 1 Introduction
- 4 2 Past Perceptions of U.S. and Japanese Innovation Systems
- 5 3 Are the U.S. and Japanese Innovation Systems Converging? Evidence For and Against
- 6 4 External Relationships in Corporate Technology Policy and Innovation Strategy
- 7 5 Theory and Practice: Developing New Frameworks for Analyzing Systems of Innovation
- 8 6 Conclusions and Recommendations
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