Biofuels

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書誌事項

Biofuels

edited by Wim Soetaert, Erick J. Vandamme

（Wiley series in renewable resource）

Wiley, 2009

大学図書館所蔵 件 / 全8件

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Biofuels Biofuels The use of biofuels is rapidly gaining momentum all over the world, and can be expected to have an ever increasing impact on the energy and agricultural sector in particular. Biofuels covers the use and conversion technologies of biomass as a renewable resource to produce bioenergy in a sustainable way, mainly in the form of liquid and gaseous biofuels. It gives a broad overview of biofuel developments from both a technical and an economical angle. The different production technologies for biofuels that exist or are under development are extensively covered in depth, dealing with both first generation as well as second generation technologies. Market developments in the sector, including trends on prices, markets and growth are also discussed. The link between the technical and economical developments are indicated throughout the text. The interactions between the technical, economical and ecological aspects are clearly expressed in this volume and are actually covered here for the first time in a single comprehensive volume. This comprehensive text will prove useful for chemists, biologists and engineers working in the emerging biofuels industry, for researchers and academics interested in the field, as well as for those active in conventional fuel companies. The book is also relevant to people active in policy or financing, either within the government, industry or academia. This volume offers an excellent source of useful information and allows reflection about the bio-based economy in general. Topics covered include: Process Technologies forBio-ethanol Production Process Technologies for Biodiesel Production Bio-based Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Production Biomass Digestion to Methane Biological Hydrogen Production Feedstocks for Biorefineries Sustainability of Biofuels

目次

Series Preface Preface List of Contributors Chapter 1 Biofuels in Perspective W. Soetaert and E. Vandamme Fossil versus renewable energy resources Economic impact Comparison of bio-energy sources Conclusion References Chapter 2 Sustainable Production of Cellulosic Feedstock for Biorefineries in the U.S.A. James R. Hettenhaus, Brent Erickson and Matthew T. Carr Introduction Availability of Cellulosic Feedstocks Feedstock Options Sustainable Removal Erosion Control Tilling Practice Transitioning to No-till Realizing Removal Removal Economics Climate Change Mitigation Pretreatment Farmer in Value Chain The Start-Preprocessing Pentose Sugars and Lignin Continuing downstream-Fungible Fermentation Sugars Looking Upstream Logistics Conclusions Policy Recommendations References Chapter 3 Bio-ethanol Development in the U.S.A. Brent Erickson and Matthew T. Carr Introduction Federal Policy The U.S. Ethanol Market Corn Ethanol Technology Cellulosic Ethanol The Future References Chapter 4 Bio-ethanol development(s) in Brazil Arnaldo Walter Introduction The Brazilian experience with ethanol Policy and regulatory instruments applied to deploy large-scale ethanol production Cost reductions Technological development Is the ethanol production in Brazil sustainable? Is Brazilian experience replicable? Conclusions References Chapter 5 Process Technologies for Biodiesel Production Introduction Biodiesel Production Worldwide Feedstocks for Biodiesel Production Chemical Principles of Biodiesel Production [5] Catalysts for transesterification and esterification reactions Alkaline catalysis Acid catalysis Heterogeneous catalysis Enzymes as Catalysts Transesterification in supercritical alcohols Alternative approaches Overview of Process Technologies Single Feedstock Technologies Multi Feedstock Technologies Small scale production units Alternative process technologies Chapter 6 Bio-based Fischer-Tropsch Diesel Production Technologies Robin Zwart & Rene van Ree Chapter 7 Plant Oil Biofuel: Rationale, Production and Application Dr. Barnim Jeschke Introduction Plant Oil Biofuels - the underlying Idea History of the Plant Oil Fuel Market Positioning of Plant Oils within the Biofuel Markets Perspectives of the Plant Oil Fuel Market The Market Market Drivers System Requirements Plant Oil Conversion Technology One Tank System Two Tank System The User Perspective Engine Suitability for Plant Oil Conversion Choice of Conversion Technology and Approach Operations and Maintenance References Chapter 8 Enzymatic production of biodiesel Hideki Fukuda Introduction Enzymatic transesterification by lipase Use of extracellular lipases Transesterification with various types of alcohol Effective methanolysis using extracellular lipase Phenomenon of acyl migration in presence of lipase Use of intracellular lipase as whole-cell biocatalyst Immobilization by BSP-technology Methanolysis in a packed-bed reactor using cells immobilized within BSPs Effect of fatty acid cell membrane composition Lipase localization in cells immobilized within BSPs Use of cell-surface displaying cells as whole-cell biocatalyst Novel cell-surface display system Flocculation profile of yeast cells displaying FSProROL and FLProROL fusion proteins Methanolysis reaction using yeast cells displaying ProROL Conclusions and future prospects References Chapter 9 Production of Biodiesel from waste lipids R. Verhe, C.V. Stevens Introduction Alternative resources for biodiesel production Conversion of waste frying and cooking oils into biodiesel Processing of crude and waste lipids into biodiesel Conclusion References Chapter 10 Biomass Digestion to Methane in Agriculture: A Successful Pathway for the Energy Production and Waste Treatment Worldwide P. Weiland, W. Verstraete& A. Van Haandel Introduction Biogas production potential Germany Brazil Biogas production configurations Configurations for wastewater digestion Different process configurations for wet digestion fermenters Different process configurations for dry digestion fermenters Biogas utilization Outlook Conclusions References Chapter 11 Biological hydrogen production by anaerobic microorganisms W.M. Kengen, Heleen P. Goorissen, Marcel Verhaart, Ed W.J. van Niel, Pieternel A.M. Claassen and Alfons J.M. Stams Introduction Hydrogen formation in natural ecosystems Thermodynamics of hydrogen formation Enzymology Enterobacteria The genus Clostridium The genus Caldicellulosiruptor The genus Thermoanaerobacter The genus Thermotoga The genus Pyrococcus/Thermococcus Approaches for improving hydrogen production Concluding remarks Acknowledgment References Chapter 12 Improving Sustainability of the Corn-Ethanol Industry Paul W. Gallagher and Hosein Shapouri Introduction Energy Balance Crop Production and Greenhouse Gas Emissions CO2 Adjustment in a Changing Ethanol Industry Conclusions References

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