CiNii 図書 - The genesis of syntactic complexity : diachrony, ontogeny, neuro-cognition, evolution

Complex hierarchic syntax is a hallmark of human language. The highest level of syntactic complexity, recursive-embedded clauses, has been singled out by some for a special status as the evolutionary apex of the uniquely - human language faculty - evolutionary yet mysteriously immune to Darwinian adaptive selection. Prof. Givon's book treats syntactic complexity as an integral part of the evolutionary rise of human communication. The book first describes grammar as an adaptive instrument of communication, assembled upon the pre-existing platform of pre-linguistic object- and-event cognition and mental representation. It then surveys the two grand developmental trends of human language: diachrony, the communal enterprise directly responsible for fashioning synchronic morpho-syntax and cross-language diversity; and ontogeny, the individual endeavor directly responsible for acquiring the competent use of grammar. The genesis of syntactic complexity along these two developmental trends is compared with second language acquisition, pre-grammatical pidgin and pre-human communication. The evolutionary relevance of language diachrony, language ontogeny and pidginization is argued for on general bio-evolutionary grounds: It is the organism's adaptive on-line behavior- invention, learning and skill acquisition - that is the common thread running through all three developmental trends. The neuro-cognitive circuits that underlie language, and their evolutionary underpinnings, are described and assessed. Recursive embedding turns out to be not an adaptive target on its own, but the by-product of two distinct adaptive moves: (i) the recruitment of conjoined clauses as modal operators on, or referential specifiers of, other clauses; and (ii) the subsequent condensation of paratactic into syntactic structures.

1. Copyright acknowledgment
2. Preface
3. Part I. Background
4. Chapter 1. Complexity: An overview
5. Chapter 2. The adaptive approach to grammar
6. Part II. Diachrony
7. Chapter 3. The diachrony of grammar
8. Chapter 4. Multiple routes to clause-union: The diachrony of complex verb phrases
9. Chapter 5. The diachrony of relative clauses: Syntactic complexity in the noun phrase
10. Part III. Ontogeny
11. Chapter 6. Child language acquisition
12. Chapter 7. The ontogeny of complex verb phrases: How children learn to negotiate fact and desire
13. Chapter 8. The ontogeny of relative clauses: How children learn to negotiate complex reference
14. Chapter 9. Second-language pidgin
15. Part IV. Biology
16. Chapter 10. From single words to verbal clauses: Where do simple clauses come from?
17. Chapter 11. The neuro-cognition of syntactic complexity
18. Chapter 12. Syntactic complexity and language evolution
19. Bibliography
20. Index

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The genesis of syntactic complexity : diachrony, ontogeny, neuro-cognition, evolution

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