Vold's theoretical criminology
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書誌事項
Vold's theoretical criminology
Oxford University Press, 2010
6th ed
- タイトル別名
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Theoretical criminology
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
Rev. ed. of : Theoretical criminology / by the late George B. Vold, Thomas J. Bernard, and Jeffrey B. Snipes, 5th ed., 2002
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Vold's Theoretical Criminology, Sixth Edition, presents the most precise, up-to-date, and comprehensive overview of criminological theory available, building on the foundation of George B. Vold's Theoretical Criminology, which paved the way for a generation of criminological theorists. Coupled with new, student-friendly features, the sixth edition features expanded discussions of: empirical research within specific theories; the "biosocial" approach; theoretical explanations for gendered differences in crime; low self-control and the general theory of crime; Control Balance Theory; and General Strain Theory. In addition, the text covers such new topical areas as Lonnie Athens's Theory of "Violentization;" Agnew's General Theory; Zimbardo's "Lucifer Effect;" the Cambridge Youth Violence Study; and Coercion and Social Support. Offering improved pedagogy--including new Key Terms lists and end-of-chapter Discussion Questions--this new edition also presents additional material on policy implications.
目次
- 1. THEORY AND CRIME
- Spiritual Explanations
- Natural Explanations
- Scientific Theories
- Causation in Scientific Theories
- Three Frames of Reference
- Relationships among the Three Frames of Reference
- 2. CLASSICAL CRIMINOLOGY
- The Social and Intellectual Background of Classical Criminology
- Beccaria and the Classical School
- From Classical Theory to Deterrence Research
- Three Types of Deterrence Research
- Rational Choice and Offending
- Routine Activities and Victimization
- Conclusions
- 3. BIOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
- Background: Physical Appearance and Defectiveness
- Lombroso, the "Born Criminal" and Positivist Criminology
- Goring's Refutation of the "Born Criminal"
- Body Type Theories
- Family Studies
- Twin and Adoption Studies
- Neurotransmitters
- Hormones
- The Central Nervous System
- The Autonomic Nervous System
- Environmentally Induced Biological Components of Behavior
- Implications and Conclusions
- 4. PSYCHOLOGICAL FACTORS AND CRIMINAL BEHAVIOR
- Intelligence and Crime: Background Ideas and Concepts
- IQ Tests and Criminal Behavior
- Delinquency, Race, and IQ
- Interpreting the Association Between Delinquency and IQ
- Personality and Criminal Behavior
- Psychopathy and Antisocial Personality Disorder
- Clinical Prediction of Future Dangerousness
- Actuarial Prediction of Later Crime and Delinquency
- Depression and Delinquency
- Impulsivity and Crime
- Policy Implications of Personality Research
- Conclusions
- 5. CRIME AND POVERTY
- Historical Background: Guerry and Quetelet
- Research on Crime and Poverty: Contradictions and Disagreements
- Crime and Unemployment: A Detailed Look at Research
- Problems Interpreting Research on Crime and Economic Conditions
- Implications and Conclusions
- 6. DURKHEIM, ANOMIE, AND MODERNIZATION
- Emile Durkheim
- Crime as Normal in Mechanical Societies
- Anomie as a Pathological State in Organic Societies
- Durkheim's Theory of Crime
- Conclusion
- 7. NEIGHBORHOODS AND CRIME
- The Theory of Human Ecology
- Research in the "Delinquency Areas" of Chicago
- Policy Implications
- Residential Succession, Social Disorganization, and Crime
- Sampson's Theory of Collective Efficacy
- Expanding Interest in Neighborhood Social Processes
- Implications and Conclusions
- 8. STRAIN THEORIES
- Robert K. Merton and Anomie in American Society
- Strain as the Explanation of Gang Delinquency
- 1960s Strain-Based Policies
- The Decline and Resurgence of Strain Theories
- Strain in Individuals
- Strain in Societies
- Conclusion
- 9. LEARNING THEORIES
- Basic Psychological Approaches to Learning
- Sutherland's Differential Association Theory
- Research Testing Sutherland's Theory
- The Content of Learning: Cultural and Subcultural Theories
- The Learning Process: Social Learning Theory
- Athens's Theory of "Violentization"
- Implications
- Conclusions
- 10. CONTROL THEORIES
- Early Control Theories: Reiss to Nye
- Matza's Delinquency and Drift
- Hirschi's Social Control Theory
- Assessing Social Control Theory
- Gottfredson and Hirschi's A General Theory of Crime
- Assessing Gottfredson and Hirschi's General Theory
- Implications and Conclusions
- 11. THE MEANING OF CRIME
- The Meaning of Crime to the Self: Labeling Theory
- The Meaning of Crime to the Criminal: Katz's Seductions of Crime
- The Situational Meaning of Crime: Zimbardo's Lucifer Effect
- The Meaning of Crime to the Larger Society: Deviance and Social Reaction
- State Power and the Meaning of Crime: Controlology
- Implications and Conclusions
- 12. CONFLICT CRIMINOLOGY
- Early Conflict Theories: Sellin and Vold
- Conflict Theories in a Time of Conflict: Turk, Quinney, and Chambliss and Seidman
- Black's Theory of the Behavior of Law
- A Unified Conflict Theory of Crime
- Testing Conflict Theory
- Implications and Conclusions
- 13. MARXISM AND POSTMODERN CRIMINOLOGY
- Overview of Marx's Theory
- Marx on Crime, Criminal Law, and Criminal Justice
- The Emergence of Marxist Criminology
- Marxist Theory and Research on Crime
- Overview of Postmodernism
- Postmodern Criminology
- Conclusion
- 14. GENDER AND CRIME
- The Development of Feminist Criminology
- Schools of Feminist Criminology
- Gender in Criminology
- Why Are Women's Crime Rates So Low?
- Why Are Men's Crime Rates So High?
- Conclusions
- 15. DEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES
- The Great Debate: Criminal Careers, Longitudinal Research, and the Relationship Between Age and Crime
- Criminal Propensity vs. Criminal Career
- The Transition to Developmental Criminology
- Three Developmental Directions
- Thornberry's Interactional Theory
- Sampson and Laub's Age-Graded Theory of Informal Social Control
- Tremblay's Developmental Origins of Physical Aggression
- Conclusions
- 16. INTEGRATED THEORIES
- Elliott's Integrated Theory of Delinquency and Drug Use
- The Falsification vs. Integration Debate
- Braithwaite's Theory of Reintegrative Shaming
- Tittle's Control Balance Theory
- Coercion and Social Support
- Bernard and Snipes's Approach to Integrating Criminology Theories
- Agnew's General Theory
- Conclusion
- 17. ASSESSING CRIMINOLOGY THEORIES
- Science, Theory, Research, and Policy
- Individual Difference Theories
- Structure/Process Theories
- Theories of the Behavior of Criminal Law
- Conclusion
- Index
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