Pine wilt disease : a worldwide threat to forest ecosystems
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Pine wilt disease : a worldwide threat to forest ecosystems
Springer, c2008
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Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Pine wilt disease (PWD) is unquestionably a major threat to forest ecosystems worldwide. After seriously affecting Eastern Asian countries, the challenge is now in Europe, following its detection in Portugal in 1999 and its subsequent spread. For foresters, these were really very bad news and, in order for adequate action to be taken, scientists had to teach politicians about the seriousness of the problem. That is never an easy task, but it was successfully done at that time, mainly by the continued effort of Professor Manuel Mota. The challenge of having political decisions based on good science is fundamental for the success of any program, but especially in dif?cult situations such as those arising by the introduction of harmful organisms in new ecosystems. The success of the dialogue between science and policy requires intelligent partners from each side, which is not always necessarily the case... Examples of lack of recognition of problems raised by science are unfortunately abundant throughout the history of science. The recent recognition of the efforts of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Al Gore with the - bel Prize, and the continued failure in taking appropriate actions by major political players is a dramatic modern example of the dif?culty of this dialogue...
目次
I: Pine wilt disease: global issues, surveys, trade and economic impact. Session Summary. I.1. Eradication program for the pinewood nematode in Portugal. I.2. Incursion management in the face of multiple uncertainties: a case study of an unidentified nematode associated with dying pines near Melbourne, Australia. I.3. The risk of pine wilt disease to Australia and New Zealand.I.4. Potential threat and present status of survey of pine wood nematode in Turkey. I.5. Investigations on wood-inhabiting nematodes of the genus Bursaphelenchus in pine forests in the province Brandenburg, Germany. I.6. Official survey for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus carried out on the territory of the Republic of Poland. I.7. Bursaphelenchus spp. in wood packaging intercepted in China. II: Pine wood nematode: biology and microbial inter-relationships. Session Summary. II.1. Developmental biology and cytogenetics of B. xylophilus. II.2. The relationship between PWN and fungi cohabiting in pine trees inoculated with thee PWN. II.3. Influence of fungi on multiplication and distribution of the pinewood nematode. III: PWN taxonomy and detection methods. Session Summary. III.1. Taxonomic databases for Bursaphelenchus and other aphelenchoid nematodes. III.2. The enlargement of the xylophilus group in the genus Bursaphelenchus. III.3. Interspecific variation in ITS rDNA of Bursaphelenchus species of different groups. III.4. Molecular characterization of isolates of the Bursaphelenchus sexdentati group using ITS-RFLP and ribosomal DNA sequences. III.5. Analysis of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus provenances using ISSR and RAPD fingerprints. III.6. Satellite DNA as a versatile genetic marker for Bursaphelenchus xylophilus. III.7. An effective PCR-based diagnostic method for the detection of PWN in wood samples. IV: The insect vectors: biology, ecology and interaction with PWN. Session Summary IV.1. Biological studies relevant to the vector role of Monochamus species for pinewood nematode. IV.2. Potentialinsect vectors of Bursaphelenchus spp. in Spanish pine forests. IV.3. Genetic structure of Monochamus alternatus in Japan. IV.4. Distribution of nematodes (Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) in the beetle of Monochamus alternatus and its exiting transmission way. V: Ecology and modelling. Session Summary. V.1. Modelling PWN-induced wilt expression: a mechanistic approach. V.2. Field diagnosis of the asymptomatic carrier of pinewood nematode. VI: The tree: physiology, resistance and histopathology as a result of pine wilt disease. Session Summary.VI.1. Inoculation of pine trees with avirulent pinewood nematode under experimental conditions: risk-benefit analysis.VI.2. Rapidity of disease development seems to result in high mortality - insight from an inoculation test using hybridized populations between a virulent and an avirulent isolates of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus.VI.3. Defense systems of Pinus densiflora cultivars selected as resistant to pine wilt disease.VI.4. Histological observations of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus in symptomatic tissues of pinewood. VI.5. Development of external and internal symptoms in pine seedlings (Pinus sylvestris) due to inoculation with Bursaphelenchus vallesianus.VII: PWN and insect vector control methods. Session Summary. VII.1. Screening and isolation of antinematodal metabolites against Bursaphelenchus xylophilus produced by fungi and plant. VII.2. Microbial control of Bursaphelenchus xylophilus by fungi. VII.3. Attraction trap for monitoring Monochamus alternatus adults - its usefulness and limitations. VII.4. Studies on Scleroderma guani to control the pine sawyer, Monochamus alternatus. VII.5. Effect of aerial spraying insecticide as a control measure of pine wilt disease. VII. 6. Control program of pine wilt disease for landscape conservation - the case of Amanohashidate in Kyoto, Japan.
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