Sans-culottes : an eighteenth-century emblem in the French Revolution

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Sans-culottes : an eighteenth-century emblem in the French Revolution

Michael Sonenscher

Princeton University Press, c2008

  • : hbk

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Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This is a bold new history of the sans-culottes and the part they played in the French Revolution. It tells for the first time the real story of the name now usually associated with urban violence and popular politics during the revolutionary period. By doing so, it also shows how the politics and economics of the revolution can be combined to form a genuinely historical narrative of its content and course. To explain how an early eighteenth-century salon society joke about breeches and urbanity was transformed into a republican emblem, Sans-Culottes examines contemporary debates about Ciceronian, Cynic, and Cartesian moral philosophy, as well as subjects ranging from music and the origins of government to property and the nature of the human soul. By piecing together this now forgotten story, Michael Sonenscher opens up new perspectives on the Enlightenment, eighteenth-century moral and political philosophy, the thought of Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and the political history of the French Revolution itself.

目次

List of Illustrations vii Acknowledgements ix Abbreviations and a Note on Translations xi Chapter 1: Introduction: "One of the Most Interesting Pairs of Breeches Recorded in Modern History" 1 Chapter 2: An Ingenious Emblem 57 New Year's Gifts and an Eighteenth-Century French Joke 57 Fashion's Empire: The Moral Foundations of Salon Society 77 A "Poor Devil": The Short, Unhappy Life of Nicolas-Joseph-Laurent Gilbert 101 Mercier and Rousseau: Vitalist and Contractual Conceptions of Political Society 110 Chapter 3: Diogenes and Rousseau: Music, Morality, and Society 134 Diogenes and the Ambiguities of Cynic Philosophy 134 Jean-Jacques Rousseau and the Politics of Public Opinion 147 Rousseau and His Cynic Critics 164 John Brown and the Progress of Civilisation 178 "That Subtle Diogenes": Immanuel Kant and Rousseau's Dilemmas 195 Chapter 4: Property, Equality, and the Passions in Eighteenth-Century French Thought 202 Reform, Revolution, and the Problem of State Power 202 Property and the Limits of State Power 221 Physiocracy, Reform, and the Fruits of the Tree of Life 248 John Law's Legacy and the Aftermath of Physiocracy 260 Dominique-Joseph Garat, the Modern Idea of Happiness, and the Dilemmas of Reform 273 Chapter 5: The Entitlements of Merit 283 Visions of Patriotism 283 The Army and Its Problems in the Eighteenth Century 288 Constitutional Government, Taxation, and Equality 296 Political Liberty, Public Finance, and Public Worship 305 Etienne Claviere, Law's System, and French Liberty 315 Feuillants and Brissotins 324 Antoine-Joseph Gorsas and the Politics of Revolutionary Satire 338 Chapter 6: Conclusion: Democracy and Terror 362 Politics and History in Jacobin Thought 362 Rousseau and Revolution 367 Mably, Rousseau, and Robespierre 372 Epilogue 407 Bibliography 425 Index 475

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