Punched-card systems and the early information explosion, 1880-1945

Author(s)

• Heide, Lars

Bibliographic Information

Punched-card systems and the early information explosion, 1880-1945

Lars Heide

（Studies in industry and society）

Johns Hopkins University Press, 2009

• : hbk
• : pbk

Note

Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

At a time when Internet use is closely tracked and social networking sites supply data for targeted advertising, Lars Heide presents the first academic study of the invention that fueled today's information revolution: the punched card. Early punched cards helped to process the United States census in 1890. They soon proved useful in calculating invoices and issuing pay slips. As demand for more sophisticated systems and reading machines increased in both the United States and Europe, punched cards served ever-larger data-processing purposes. Insurance companies, public utilities, businesses, and governments all used them to keep detailed records of their customers, competitors, employees, citizens, and enemies. The United States used punched-card registers in the late 1930s to pay roughly 21 million Americans their Social Security pensions, Vichy France used similar technologies in an attempt to mobilize an army against the occupying German forces, and the Germans in 1941 developed several punched-card registers to make the war effort-and surveillance of minorities-more effective. Heide's analysis of these three major punched-card systems, as well as the impact of the invention on Great Britain, illustrates how different cultures collected personal and financial data and how they adapted to new technologies. This comparative study will interest students and scholars from a wide range of disciplines, including the history of technology, computer science, business history, and management and organizational studies.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1. Punched Cards and the 1890 United States Census 2. New Users, New Machines 3. U.S. Challengers to Hollerith 4. The Rise of International Business Machines 5. Decline of Punched Cards for European Census Processing 6. Punched Cards for General Statistics in Europe 7. Different Roads to European Punched-Card Bookkeeping 8. Keeping Tabs on Society with Punched Cards Conclusion Acknowledgments Appendix: Financial Information: Tables and Figures Notes Essay on Sources Index

by "Nielsen BookData"

• NCID: BA90129744
• ISBN:
  • 9780801891434
  • 0801891434
• LCCN: 2008028731
• Country Code: us
• Title Language Code: eng
• Text Language Code: eng
• Place of Publication: Baltimore
• Pages/Volumes: 369 p.
• Size: 24 cm
• Classification:
  • LCC : HF5548
  • DC22 : 004/.9
• Subject Headings:
  • LCSH : Punched card systems -- United States
  • LCSH : Information technology -- United States
  • LCSH : Punched card systems -- Europe
  • LCSH : Information technology -- Europe
• Parent Bibliography ID:
  • BA00301667