A fishery manager's guidebook
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A fishery manager's guidebook
Blackwell, 2009
2nd ed
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"Published by The Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations and Blackwell Publishing."
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Co-published with the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Fisheries management is the process that has evolved to try to ensure that fisheries operate in a manner that provides the immediate benefits in a sustainable manner. The widely accepted goal is that the full range of benefits should not only be available for this generation but for generations to come. Fisheries management has been successful in some cases but there have also been many, many cases of failure.
This volume is intended to contribute to improving this unsatisfactory state by addressing the widespread need for information and guidance on the broad and often complex task of fisheries management. It is an updated and expanded edition of the first version of "A fishery manager's guidebook" which was published as a FAO Fisheries Technical Paper in 2002.
The major part of this new edition is divided into five parts intended to cover the range of concerns, tools and techniques essential to the modern fisheries manager, whether that manager is an individual or a formal or informal group. Following the Introduction:
Part I examines the primary dimensions of fisheries: biological, ecological, social and economic
Part II looks at the legal and institutional characteristics of fisheries
Part III explores the tools that fishery managers have to achieve the objectives expected from a fishery
Part IV discusses the role of scientific information of indicators and reference points
Part V moves into implementation of fisheries management and includes a chapter on special considerations in small-scale fisheries
This landmark publication is aimed at fishery managers and scientists. All libraries in research establishments and universities where fisheries and aquatic sciences are studied and taught will need copies of this important volume.
Fisheries around the world make essential contributions to human well-being including the provision of basic food supplies, employment, recreational opportunities, foreign currency and others, providing benefits to hundreds of millions of people. Despite these benefits, our record of managing fisheries so that the benefits can be sustained has been poor, at best, and most fisheries around the world are experiencing serious ecological, social or economic problems and usually all three. Today there is global concern about the state of fishery resources and aquatic ecosystems, their resilience to future stresses such as climate change and their ability to continue to provide benefits.
目次
Contributors xi
Preface xiii
List of Acronyms xv
Chapter 1 Introduction - Fisheries Management 1
Kevern L. Cochrane and Serge Michel Garcia
1.1 Why do we need this handbook? 1
1.2 What is fisheries management? 2
1.3 The fisheries manager 4
1.4 Fisheries management and fisheries governance 6
1.5 Some working principles for fisheries management 6
1.6 An objective-driven process 7
1.7 Management plans, measures and strategies 9
1.8 The structure of this guidebook 10
Sources and recommended reading 16
Part I The Primary Dimensions of Fisheries
Chapter 2 Biology and Ecology Considerations for the Fishery Manager 21
Yvonne Sadovy de Mitcheson
2.1 Introduction 21
2.2 Why marine resource managers need to know about biology and ecology 24
2.3 What managers need to know about biology and ecology 25
2.4 Emerging issues 45
2.5 Concluding comments 50
Acknowledgements 50
Sources and recommended reading 50
Web resources 51
Chapter 3 Social Aspects of Fisheries Management 52
Fikret Berkes
3.1 Introduction 52
3.2 Dealing with the 'tragedy of the commons' 53
3.3 Changing perspectives on resource management 57
3.4 Fisheries as linked social-ecological systems 58
3.5 Why broaden management objectives? 60
3.6 Is fishers' knowledge relevant to management? 63
3.7 Why are institutions important? 65
3.8 The broader issues of fisheries governance 67
3.9 Synthesis and outlook 69
Acknowledgements 73
Sources and recommended reading 73
Web resources 74
Chapter 4 Economic Principles: An Economic Perspective on Fishing 75
Arne Eide
4.1 An economic approach to fisheries 75
4.2 Bioeconomic reasoning and reference equilibriums 83
4.3 An economic perspective on fisheries regulations 90
4.4 Fisheries development 96
4.5 Synthesis 100
Sources and recommended reading 101
Part II Legal and Institutional Considerations
Chapter 5 Legal Aspects 105
Blaise Kuemlangan
5.1 Introduction 105
5.2 Fisheries law 107
5.3 Fisheries management regime in the legal framework 114
5.4 Monitoring, control and surveillance 123
5.5 Significant issues and their legal aspects 128
5.6 Law review and the manager 131
5.7 Synthesis and outlook 132
Sources and recommended reading 133
Web resources 134
Chapter 6 The Fishery Management Institutions 135
Francois Feral
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 The manager in the institutional environment 136
6.3 Institutional environment and decision-making 146
6.4 Synthesis 160
Sources and recommended reading 161
Additional reading 162
Web resources 163
Part III Management Measures and Tools
Chapter 7 Regulation of Fishing Gears and Methods 167
Asmund Bjordal
7.1 Introduction 167
7.2 Fishing gears 168
7.3 Passive fishing gears 168
7.4 Active fishing gears 176
7.5 Gear selectivity and ecosystem effects of fishing 183
7.6 Management considerations: selectivity and other ecosystem effects of fishing 192
7.7 Synthesis and outlook 193
Sources and recommended reading 194
Chapter 8 Area and Time Restrictions 196
Stephen J. Hall
8.1 What are area and time restrictions? 196
8.2 Why would you establish area or time restrictions? 197
8.3 What are the advantages and disadvantages of area and time restrictions? 202
8.4 Case studies 204
8.5 What are the practical steps towards establishing time and area restrictions? 211
8.6 Synthesis and outlook 217
Sources and recommended reading 218
Chapter 9 Input and Output Controls: The Practice of Fishing Effort and Catch Management in Responsible Fisheries 220
John G. Pope
9.1 Introduction 220
9.2 What are input and output controls? 222
9.3 Why would you want to use effort or catch management? 223
9.4 How would you impose fishing effort management and catch management? 225
9.5 What structures do you need for effort and catch management? 236
9.6 What problems exist with the application of effort management and catch management and how might they be circumvented? 239
9.7 Where can you see examples of effort management and catch management in action? 247
9.8 Synthesis and outlook 249
Sources and recommended reading and web resources 250
Chapter 10 Rights-Based Fisheries Management: The Role of Use Rights in Managing Access and Harvesting 253
Anthony Charles
10.1 What is rights-based fishery management? 253
10.2 Why are use rights relevant to fishery management? 258
10.3 What initial considerations arise with use rights? 260
10.4 What forms of use rights are there? 262
10.5 What implementation decisions arise with use rights? 269
10.6 Synthesis 278
Acknowledgments 280
Sources and recommended reading 280
Chapter 11 Partnerships in Management 283
Evelyn Pinkerton
11.1 Introduction - partnerships solve problems, but are little known by managers 283
11.2 Partnerships of small and large scope 284
11.3 Partnerships of small and large scale 287
11.4 Partnerships with dual or multiple parties 289
11.5 Partnerships with different levels of community empowerment: accountability 291
11.6 Unusual partnerships solving particular equity problems: linking offshore fisheries to coastal communities 292
11.7 Power differentials of diverse actors on regional boards 294
11.8 Conditions for effective partnerships 296
11.9 Community partners may add value to the resource 297
11.10 Conclusion 298
Acknowledgements 298
Sources and recommended reading 298
Part IV Scientific Information and Advice
Chapter 12 Which Indicators for What Management? The Challenge of Connecting Offer and Demand of Indicators 303
Serge Michel Garcia, Helene Rey-Valette, and Clotilde Bodiguel
12.1 Introduction 303
12.2 Evolution of the demand 304
12.3 Development of a system of indicators 306
12.4 Typology of indicators 314
12.5 Main issues and challenges 322
12.6 Synthesis 328
Sources and recommended reading 328
Web resources 332
Chapter 13 The Use of Scientific Information 336
Kevern L. Cochrane
13.1 Why and when are data and information needed in fisheries management? 336
13.2 Types of knowledge and the role of the scientist 341
13.3 Uncertainty and the precautionary approach 343
13.4 What tools can be used to generate information to advise management? 347
13.5 Scientific advice for management 353
13.6 Using the knowledge in decision-making 362
13.7 Presenting information to decision-makers 363
13.8 Adaptive management 366
13.9 Synthesis and outlook 367
Sources and recommended reading 368
Part V Implementation
Chapter 14 Fishery Monitoring, Control and Surveillance 373
Per Erik Bergh and Sandy Davies
14.1 Introduction 373
14.2 The MCS solution 376
14.3 Core components 384
14.4 Facilitating for MCS 391
14.5 System performance and planning 395
14.6 Synthesis and outlook 399
Sources and recommended reading 401
Web resources 403
Chapter 15 Special Considerations for Small-Scale Fisheries Management in Developing Countries 404
John Kurien and Rolf Willmann
15.1 Why small-scale fisheries need special consideration 404
15.2 Characterizing small-scale fisheries 405
15.3 A vision for small-scale fisheries 406
15.4 Substantive contribution of small-scale fisheries 407
15.5 Management objectives for small-scale fisheries 410
15.6 Management approaches for small-scale fisheries 410
15.7 Institutional arrangements for small-scale fisheries 413
15.8 Making a management plan for a small-scale fishery 414
15.9 Implementation of small-scale fisheries management 416
15.10 Capacity building for small-scale fisheries management 418
15.11 Emerging issues 419
Sources and recommended reading 421
Chapter 16 Fisheries Management Plans 425
David J. Die
16.1 Introduction 425
16.2 Designing a management plan 426
16.3 Implementation of management plans 431
16.4 Reviewing and amending management plans 431
16.5 FMP within the context of the EAF 433
16.6 Examples of management plans 436
16.7 Synthesis and emerging issues 442
Sources and recommended reading 443
Web resources 444
Part VI Conclusions
Chapter 17 From Past Management to Future Governance: A Perspective View 447
Serge Michel Garcia and Kevern L. Cochrane
17.1 Introduction 447
17.2 Historical trends 448
17.3 Emerging practices 452
17.4 The future of fishery governance 467
Sources and recommended reading 471
Glossary 473
Index 507
Colour plate section follows page 302
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