Making marriage modern : women's sexuality from the Progressive Era to World War II
著者
書誌事項
Making marriage modern : women's sexuality from the Progressive Era to World War II
（Studies in the history of sexuality / Judith Brown and Guido Ruggiero, general editors）
Oxford University Press, 2009
- : hardcover
- : pbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
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: hardcover ISBN 9780195064117
内容説明
Making Marriage Modern explains the fierce debates among whites and African Americans about American women's sexuality in the early twentieth century that set an older motherhood-centered ideal against a modern female style and produced a new conception of marriage that prevailed until the challenges of the Women's Liberation Movement. This contentious public conversation included social hygiene reformers in the 1910s anxious about venereal disease who
called for scientific sex education but still hoped to prop up the motherhood ideal. At the same time birth control activists and sex radicals demanded women's right of choice over childbearing, rejected marriage, or asserted the right to interracial relationships or homosexuality. The book emphasizes the
subsequent program of more conventional reformers, who by the 1920s hoped to contain the potential for women's independence from men and marriage portended by conditions of modern life. Their new vision, "companionate marriage," incorporated birth control, easier divorce, greater respect for wives, and an intensified sexual intimacy requiring women's active participation and pleasure. In its most popular version companionate marriage involved free-spirited flappers who did not seriously
challenge male authority or women's ultimate focus on children and domesticity. The book also treats other more equitable versions. Feminists (white and black) proposed a more thoroughgoing equality of work and sex, and some African Americans promoted a "partnership marriage" that often included wives'
employment. Feminist and more traditional perspectives also competed within the sexual advice literature that flooded onto the market in the 1930s. Making Marriage Modern argues that, despite the unsettling of an older femininity, deep and persistent structural inequalities between men and women limited efforts to create gender parity in sex and marriage. Yet these cultural battles also subverted patriarchal culture and raised women's expectations of marriage in ways that grounded
second-wave feminist claims.
目次
- Introduction
- 1. Education for Social Hygiene
- 2. Sex Radical Challenges to Marriage
- 3. Companionate Marriage
- 4. Modern Marriage: Three Visions
- 5. Sexual Advice for Modern Marriage
- Conclusion
- Appendix
- Notes
- 巻冊次
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: pbk ISBN 9780199874033
内容説明
The nineteenth-century middle-class ideal of the married woman was of a chaste and diligent wife focused on being a loving mother, with few needs or rights of her own. The modern woman, by contrast, was partner to a new model of marriage, one in which she and her husband formed a relationship based on greater sexual and psychological equality. In Making Marriage Modern, Christina Simmons narrates the development of this new companionate marriage ideal, which took
hold in the early twentieth century and prevailed in American society by the 1940s.
The first challenges to public reticence to discuss sexual relations between husbands and wives came from social hygiene reformers, who advocated for a scientific but conservative sex education to combat prostitution and venereal disease. A more radical group of feminists, anarchists, and bohemians opposed the Victorian model of marriage and even the institution of marriage. Birth control advocates such as Emma Goldman and Margaret Sanger openly championed women's rights to acquire and use
effective contraception. The "companionate marriage " emerged from these efforts. This marital ideal was characterized by greater emotional and sexuality intimacy for both men and women, use of birth control to create smaller families, and destigmatization of divorce in cases of failed unions.
Simmons examines what she calls the "flapper " marriage, in which free-spirited young wives enjoyed the early years of marriage, postponing children and domesticity. She looks at the feminist marriage in which women imagined greater equality between the sexes in domestic and paid work and sex. And she explores the African American "partnership marriage, " which often included wives' employment and drew more heavily on the involvement of the community and extended family. Finally, she traces
how these modern ideals of marriage were promoted in sexual advice literature and marriage manuals of the period.
Though male dominance persisted in companionate marriages, Christina Simmons shows how they called for greater independence and satisfaction for women and a new female heterosexuality. By raising women's expectations of marriage, the companionate ideal also contained within it the seeds of second-wave feminists' demands for transforming the institution into one of true equality between the sexes.
目次
- Introduction
- 1 Education for Social Hygiene
- 2 Sex Radical Challenges to Marriage
- 3 Companionate Marriage
- 4 Modern Marriage: Three Visions
- 5 Sexual Advice for Modern Marriage
- Conclusion
- Appendix: Selection of Marriage Manuals
- Notes
- Index
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