Closed captioning : subtitling, stenography, and the digital convergence of text with television
Author(s)
Bibliographic Information
Closed captioning : subtitling, stenography, and the digital convergence of text with television
（John Hopkins studies in the history of technology）
Johns Hopkins University Press, 2008
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Includes index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
This engaging study traces the development of closed captioning-a field that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s from decades-long developments in cinematic subtitling, courtroom stenography, and education for the deaf. Gregory J. Downey discusses how digital computers, coupled with human mental and physical skills, made live television captioning possible. Downey's survey includess the hidden information workers who mediate between live audiovisual action and the production of visual track and written records. His work examines communication technology, human geography, and the place of labor in a technologically complex and spatially fragmented world. Illustrating the ways in which technological development grows out of government regulation, education innovation, professional profit-seeking, and social activism, this interdisciplinary study combines insights from several fields, among them the history of technology, human geography, mass communication, and information studies.
Table of Contents
Acknowledgments
Introduction: Invisible Speech-to-Text Systems
Part One: Turning Speech into Text in Three Different Contexts
1. Subtitling Film for the Cinema Audience
2. Captioning Television for the Deaf Population
3. Stenographic Reporting for the Court System
Part Two: Convergence in the Speech-to-Text Industry
4. Realtime Captioning for News, Education, and the Court
5. Public Interest, Market Failure, and Captioning Regulation
6. Privatized Geographies of Captioning and Court Reporting
Conclusion: The Value of Turning Speech into Text
List of Abbreviations
Notes
Index
by "Nielsen BookData"
