Soldiers and civil power : supporting or substituting civil authorities in modern peace operations

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Soldiers and civil power : supporting or substituting civil authorities in modern peace operations

Thijs W. Brocades Zaalberg

Amsterdam University Press, c2006

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Peace operations became the core focus of many Western armed forces after the Cold War. The wish amongst political and military leaders during the 1990s to hold on to the classical identity of the armed forces as an instrument of force made them pursue a strict separation between military operations and the civilian aspects of peacekeeping, such as policing, administrative functions, and political and societal reconstruction. In his book Soldiers and Civil Power, Thijs Brocades Zaalberg argues that this policy failed to match up to reality. Supporting civil authorities, and at times even substituting them (de facto military governance), became the key to reaching any level of success in Cambodia, Somalia, Bosnia and Kosovo. As a result of the false segregation between the civilian and the military domain, this was accomplished mostly by improvisation and creativity of commanders who probed for the limiting boundaries of their original mandate by reaching ever further into the civilian sphere.

目次

Table of Contents - 6 Acknowledgements - 10 Introduction - 12 PART I: THE CIVIL-MILITARY INTERFACE IN TWENTIETH-CENTURY MILITARY OPERATIONS - 24 1. Substituting the Civil Power: Civil Affairs and Military Government in World War II - 26 The Operational Primacy of Civil Affairs - 26 Integrating or Segregating Civil Affairs - 29 Military Government Moves Center Stage - 33 Effects of Military Pragmatism - 41 Conclusion - 45 2. Supporting the Civil Power: Counterinsurgency and the Return to Conventional Warfare - 46 Imperial Policing - 46 Malaya: Integrating the Civil and Military Spheres - 52 Vietnam: Lessons Unlearned - 61 The Return to 'Ordinary Soldiering' - 67 Towards Civil-Military Peace Operations - 70 PART II: COMPLEX PEACEKEEPING: THE UNITED NATIONS IN CAMBODIA - 74 3. Making Sense of the Mission: UNTAC's Military and Civil Mandates - 76 Peacekeepers in the Post-Cold War Disorder - 76 The Paris Peace Agreement - 81 The Unworkable Military Mandate - 84 Segregated Missions - 94 Winning the Hearts and Minds - 97 4. The Slippery Slope towards Public Security: Soldiers and Policemen in Cambodia - 104 Police Monitors - 104 Banditry in Banteay Meanchey - 107 Stretching the Mandate - 113 Changing the Guard - 117 5. 'Sanderson's Coup': Militarized Elections amidst Escalating Violence - 126 Flexible Response - 126 'Military Coup' - 129 Protecting the Elections - 136 Peace at the Ballot - 147 Successes, Failures and Lessons - 153 Peace Operations after UNTAC - 157 PART III: AMERICAN INTERVENTIONS: SEGREGATING THE CIVIL AND MILITARY SPHERES - 160 6. 'Peacekeeping' in a Power Vacuum: The Reluctant American Occupation of Somalia - 162 Hobbesian Anarchy - 162 Limits of US Military Intervention - 169 Cosmetic Success - 175 Attitude Adjustment - 181 The Public Security Vacuum - 187 Benevolent 'Mission Creep' - 192 7. Securing and Governing Baidoa: Australia's Living Laboratory in Somalia - 200 The Legacy of the Marines - 200 Urban Security Operations - 207 Two Schools of Thought - 214 Counterinsurgency Reflex - 223 The Military Governor of Baidoa - 228 Conclusion - 239 8. One Step Forward, Two Steps Back: Widening the Civil-Military Gap in Bosnia - 246 The Dayton Accord - 246 The Public Security Gap - 254 Reinterpreting the Military Mandate - 264 CIMIC: The Fig Leaf for the Gap - 276 Conclusion - 285 PART IV: KOSOVO: MILITARY GOVERNMENT BY DEFAULT - 288 9. The Kosovo Force: Entering the Wasteland - 290 Stepping into the Void - 290 The Mandate - 296 Task Force Orahovac - 298 Taming the Kosovo Liberation Army - 303 10. The Kosovar Constabulary: The Race between Order and Disorder - 312 'Anarchy, or Something Not Far from It' - 312 Policing without Instructions - 316 Controlling the Streets of Orahovac - 322 Different Approaches - 332 Makeshift Police - 325 The Justice Triangle - 337 11. Peacekeepers in Pursuit of Justice: Protecting and Prosecuting Serbs in Orahovac - 344 Russians - 344 Beleaguered Serbs - 347 War Crimes - 353 Arrests - 357 Controversy - 361 12. The UCK's Silent Coup: KFOR in the Civil Administrative Vacuum - 370 Local Administration - 370 Struggle for Control - 375 Public Services - 385 13. The Tools at Hand: Civil-Military Cooperation in Kosovo - 392 Ad Hoc Civil-Military Cooperation - 392 The Complex Civil-Military Playing Field - 400 Unity of Effort - 410 Conclusion - 416 Primary Sources and Bibliography - 432 Glossary and Military Terminology - 450 Notes - 454

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