1989 : the struggle to create post-Cold War Europe
Author(s)
Bibliographic Information
1989 : the struggle to create post-Cold War Europe
（Princeton studies in international history and politics）
Princeton University Press, c2009
- : hardcover
- : [pbk.]
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Note
Includes bibliographical references (p. 287-308) and index
Description and Table of Contents
- Volume
-
: hardcover ISBN 9780691143064
Description
There are unique periods in history when a single year witnesses the total transformation of international relations. The year 1989 was one such crucial watershed. This book uses previously unavailable sources to explore the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall twenty years ago and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from many different locations, including Moscow, Berlin, Bonn, Paris, London, and Washington, "1989" describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe. Mary Sarotte explains that while it was clear past a certain point that the Soviet Bloc would crumble, there was nothing inevitable about what would follow. A wide array of political players - from leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev, Helmut Kohl, George H. W. Bush, and James Baker, to organizations like NATO and the European Community, to courageous individual dissidents - all proposed courses of action and models for the future.
In front of global television cameras, a competition ensued, ultimately won by those who wanted to ensure that the 'new' order looked very much like the old. Sarotte explores how the aftermath of this fateful victory, and Russian resentment of it, continue to shape world politics today. Presenting diverse perspectives from the political elite as well as ordinary citizens, 1989 is compelling reading for anyone who cares about international relations past, present, or future.
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations ix Preface: A Brief Note on Scholarship and Sources xi Abbreviations xvi Introduction: Creating Post-Cold War Europe: 1989 and the Architecture of Order 1 Chapter 1: What Changes in Summer and Autumn 1989? 11 Tiananmen Fails to Transfer 16 The Americans Step Back 22 The Status Quo Ceases to Convince 25 East German Self-Confidence Rises 28 Television Transforms Reality 38 Chapter 2: Restoring Four-Power Rights, Reviving a Confederation in 1989 48 On the Night of November 9 50 What Next? 62 The Four (Occupying?) Powers 65 Candy, Fruit, and Sex 68 The Portugalov Push 70 Specters Revive 76 The Restoration and Revival Models Fall Apart 81 Chapter 3: Heroic Aspirations in 1990 88 The Round Table 92 Counterrevolution? 95 The Consequences of the Brush with a Stage of Terror 99 Emerging Controversy over Reparations and NATO 103 "NATO's Jurisdiction Would Not Shift One Inch Eastward" 107 Property Pluralism 115 Chapter 4: Prefab Prevails 119 The Security Solution: Two lus Four Equals NATO 120 The Political Solution: Article 23 129 The Economic Solution: Monetary Union 132 The Election Campaign and the Ways of the Ward Heeler 135 The Results of March 18 142 Reassuring European Neighbors 145 Chapter 5: Securing Building Permits 150 The First Carrot: Money 152 The Washington Summit 160 The Second Carrot: NATO Reform 169 Breakthrough in Russia 177 Pay Any Price 186 Conclusion: The Legacy of 1989 and 1990 195 Counterfactuals 196 Consequences 201 Acknowledgments 215 Notes 219 Bibliography 287 Index 309
- Volume
-
: [pbk.] ISBN 9780691152417
Description
There are unique periods in history when a single year witnesses the total transformation of international relations. The year 1989 was one such crucial watershed. This book uses previously unavailable sources to explore the momentous events following the fall of the Berlin Wall twenty years ago and the effects they have had on our world ever since. Based on documents, interviews, and television broadcasts from many different locations, including Moscow, Berlin, Bonn, Paris, London, and Washington, 1989 describes how Germany unified, NATO expansion began, and Russia got left on the periphery of the new Europe. Mary Sarotte explains that while it was clear past a certain point that the Soviet Bloc would crumble, there was nothing inevitable about what would follow. A wide array of political players - from leaders like Mikhail Gorbachev, Helmut Kohl, George H.W. Bush, and James Baker, to organizations like NATO and the European Community, to courageous individual dissidents - all proposed courses of action and models for the future.
In front of global television cameras, a competition ensued, ultimately won by those who wanted to ensure that the "new" order looked very much like the old. Sarotte explores how the aftermath of this fateful victory, and Russian resentment of it, continue to shape world politics today. Presenting diverse perspectives from the political elite as well as ordinary citizens, 1989 is compelling reading for anyone who cares about international relations past, present, or future.
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations ix Preface: A Brief Note on Scholarship and Sources xi Abbreviations xvi Introduction: Creating Post-Cold War Europe: 1989 and the Architecture of Order 1 Chapter 1: What Changes in Summer and Autumn 1989? 11 Tiananmen Fails to Transfer 16 The Americans Step Back 22 The Status Quo Ceases to Convince 25 East German Self-Confidence Rises 28 Television Transforms Reality 38 Chapter 2: Restoring Four-Power Rights, Reviving a Confederation in 1989 48 On the Night of November 9 50 What Next? 62 The Four (Occupying?) Powers 65 Candy, Fruit, and Sex 68 The Portugalov Push 70 Specters Revive 76 The Restoration and Revival Models Fall Apart 81 Chapter 3: Heroic Aspirations in 1990 88 The Round Table 92 Counterrevolution? 95 The Consequences of the Brush with a Stage of Terror 99 Emerging Controversy over Reparations and NATO 103 "NATO's Jurisdiction Would Not Shift One Inch Eastward" 107 Property Pluralism 115 Chapter 4: Prefab Prevails 119 The Security Solution: Two lus Four Equals NATO 120 The Political Solution: Article 23 129 The Economic Solution: Monetary Union 132 The Election Campaign and the Ways of the Ward Heeler 135 The Results of March 18 142 Reassuring European Neighbors 145 Chapter 5: Securing Building Permits 150 The First Carrot: Money 152 The Washington Summit 160 The Second Carrot: NATO Reform 169 Breakthrough in Russia 177 Pay Any Price 186 Conclusion: The Legacy of 1989 and 1990 195 Counterfactuals 196 Consequences 201 Acknowledgments 215 Notes 219 Bibliography 287 Index 309
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