Creep-resistant steels
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書誌事項
Creep-resistant steels
（Woodhead publishing in materials）
Woodhead Pub , CRC Press, 2008
- : Woodhead
- : CRC
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
- 巻冊次
-
: CRC ISBN 9781420070880
内容説明
Creep-resistant steels must be reliable over very long periods of time at high temperatures and in severe environments. Understanding and improving long-term creep strength is essential for safe operation of plant and equipment. This book provides an authoritative summary of key research in this important area. The first part of the book describes the specifications and manufacture of creep-resistant steels. Part two covers the behaviour of creep-resistant steels and methods for strengthening them. The final group of chapters analyses applications in such areas as turbines and nuclear reactors. Creep-resistant steels will be a valuable reference for the power generation, petrochemical and other industries which use high strength steels at elevated temperatures.
目次
Part 1 General
Introduction
F Abe, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
- Definition of creep
- Creep and creep rate curves
- Creep rupture data
- Deformation mechanism map
- Fracture mechanism map
- References
The development of creep-resistant steels
K-H Mayer ALSTOM Energie GmbH, Germany and F Masuyama, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
- Introduction
- Requirements for heat resisting steels
- Historical development of ferritic steels
- Historical development of austenitic steels
- Historical development of steel melting and of the purity of heat resistant steels
- Summary
Specifications for creep-resistant steels: Europe
G Merckling, RTM BREDA Milano, Italy
- Introduction
- Specifications and standards
- The European Creep Collaborative Committee (ECCC)
- European Pressure Equipment Research Council (EPERC)
- The latest generation of CEN standards for creep resistant steels
- Future trends
- References
Specifications for creep-resistant steels: Japan
F Masuyama, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan
- Introduction
- Types of heat resistant steels in Japan
- Specifications for high temperature tubing and piping steels
- Specifications for steam turbine steels
- Heat resistant super alloys
- Summary
- References
Production of creep-resistant steels for turbines
Y Tanaka, Japan Steel Works, Japan
- Introduction
- Overview of production technology of rotor shaft forgings for high temperature steam turbine
- Production and properties of turbine rotor forgings for high temperature application
- Future trends
- References
Part 2 Behaviour of Creep-Resistant Steels
Physical and elastic behaviour of creep-resistant steels
Y Yin and R G Faulkner, Loughborough University, UK
- Introduction
- Elastic behaviour
- Thermal properties of creep resistant steels
- Electrical resistivity and conductivity of creep resistant steels
- Implications for industries using creep resistant steels
- Future trends
- References
Diffusion behaviour of creep-resistant steels
H Oikawa and Y Iijima, Tohoku University, Japan
- Introduction
- Diffusion and creep
- Diffusion characteristics
- Roles of atom/vacancy movement in creep
- Influence of some factors on creep through their effects on diffusion
- Diffusion data in iron and in some iron-base alloys
- Concluding remarks
- References
Fundamental aspects of creep deformation and deformation mechanism map
K Maruyama, Tohoku University, Japan
- Introduction
- Stress-strain response of materials
- Temperature and strain rate dependence of yield stress
- Deformation upon loading of creep test
- Creep behavior below and above athermal yield stress
- Change in creep behavior at thermal yield stress Oa
- Deformation mechanism maps
- Concluding remark
- References
Strengthening mechanisms in steel for creep and creep rupture
F Abe, National Institute for Materials Science, Japan
- Introduction
- Basic ways of strengthening steels at elevated temperature
- Strengthening mechanisms in modern creep resistant steels
- Loss of strengthening mechanisms in 9-12Cr steels during long time periods
- Future trends
- References
Precipitation during heat treatment and service: Characterisation, simulation and strength contribution
E Kozeschnik, I Holzer, Graz University of Technology, Austria
- Introduction
- Microstructure analysis of the COST alloy CB8
- Modelling precipitation in complex systems
- Computer simulation of the precipitate evolution in CB8
- Microstructure - property relationships
- The back-stress concept
- Loss of precipitation strengthening during service of CB8
- Summary and outlook
- References
Grain boundaries in creep resistant steels
R G Faulkner, Loughborough University, UK
- Introduction
- Ferritic steels
- Austenitic steels
- Grain boundary properties and constitutive creep design equations
- Future trends
- References
Fracture mechanism map and fundamental aspects of creep fracture
K Maruyama, Tohoku University, Japan
- Introduction
- Fracture mechanisms and ductility of materials
- Stress and temperature dependence of rupture life
- Fracture mechanism maps
- Influence of fracture mechanism change on creep rupture strength
- Influence of microstructural degradation on creep rupture strength
- Change in creep rupture properties at athermal yield stress
- Multi-region analysis of creep rupture data
- Summary
- Reference
Mechanisms of creep deformation in steel
W Blum, University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany
- Introduction
- Initial microstructure
- Creep at constant stress
- Transient response to stress changes
- Cyclic creep
- Microstructural interpretation of creep rate
- Dislocation models of creep
- In situ transition electron microscope observations of dislocation activity
- Discussion and outlook
- Acknowledgments
- References
Constitutive equations for creep curves and predicting service life
S Holdsworth, EMPA - Materials Science & Technology, Switzerland
- Introduction
- Constitutive equations
- Constitutive equation selection
- Predicting service life
- Future trends
- Concluding remarks
- References
Creep strain analysis for steel
B Wilshire, University of Wales, Swansea, UK
- Introduction
- Creep induced strain
- Patterns of creep strain accumulation
- Practical implications of creep strain analysis
- Future data analysis options
- References
Creep fatigue behaviour and crack growth of steels
C Berger, A Scholz, F Muller and M Schwienheer, Darmstadt University of Technology, Germany
- Introduction
- Creep-fatigue experiments
- Stress-strain behaviour
- Creep-fatigue interaction, life estimation
- Multiaxial behaviour
- Creep and creep-fatigue crack behaviour
- Concluding remarks
- Acknowledgment
- References
Creep strength of welded joints of ferritic steels
H Cerjak and P Mayr, Graz University of Technology, Austria
- Influence of weld thermal cycles on the microstructure of ferritic heat resistant steels
- Weld metal development for creep-resistant steels
- Creep behaviour of welded joints
- Selected damage mechanism in creep-exposed welded joints
- Implications for industries using welded creep-resistant steels
- Future trends
- References
Fracture mechanics: understanding in microdimensions
M Tabuchi, National Institute for Materials Science (NIMS), Japan
- Introduction
- Non-linear fracture mechanics
- Effect of mechanical constraint
- Effect of microscopic fracture mechanisms
- Type IV creep crack growth in welded joints
- References
Mechanisms of oxidation and corrosion and the influence of steam oxidation on service life of steam power plant components
P J Ennis and W J Quadakkers, Forschungszentrum Juelic GmbH, Germany
- Introduction
- Mechanisms of enhanced steam oxidation
- Steam oxidation rates
- Oxidation and service life
- Development of steam oxidation resistant steels
- Outlook
- Sources of further information
- References
Part 3 Applications
Alloy design philosophy of creep-resistant steels
M Igarashi, Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., Japan
- Introduction
- Radiation damage
- Embrittlement due to aging
- Use of heat resistant steels in major reactor types
- Fabrication and joining considerations
- References
Using creep-resistant steels in turbines
T-U Kern, Siemens AG, Germany
- Introduction
- Implications for industries using creep resistant steels
- Improving the performance and service life of steel components
- Next steps into the future
- Summary
- References
Using creep-resistant steels in nuclear reactors
S Sundaresan, M S University, India and S K Albert, Indira Gandhi Centre for Atomic Research, India
- Introduction
- Radiation damage
- Embrittlement caused by aging
- Use of heat-resistant steels in major reactor types
- Fabrication and joining considerations
- Summary
- References
Creep damage - Industry needs and future R&D
R Viswanathan, Electric Power Research Institute, USA
- Introduction
- Calculational methods for estimating damage
- Nondestructive evaluation methods
- Accelerated destructive tests
- High temperature crack growth
- Future trends
- References
- 巻冊次
-
: Woodhead ISBN 9781845691783
内容説明
Creep-resistant steels are widely used in the petroleum, chemical and power generation industries. Creep-resistant steels must be reliable over very long periods of time at high temperatures and in severe environments. Understanding and improving long-term creep strength is essential for safe operation of plant and equipment. This book provides an authoritative summary of key research in this important area.The first part of the book describes the specifications and manufacture of creep-resistant steels. Part two covers the behaviour of creep-resistant steels and methods for strengthening them. The final group of chapters analyses applications in such areas as turbines and nuclear reactors.With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Creep-resistant steels is a valuable reference for the power generation, petrochemical and other industries which use high strength steels at elevated temperatures.
目次
- Part 1 General: Introduction
- The development of creep-resistant steels
- Specifications for creep-resistant steels: Europe
- Specifications for creep-resistant steels
- Production of creep-resistant steels for turbines. Part 2 Behaviour of creep-resistant steels: Physical and elastic behaviour of creep-resistant steels
- Diffusion behaviour of creep-resistant steels
- Fundamental aspects of creep deformation and deformation mechanism map
- Strengthening mechanisms in steel for creep and creep rupture
- Precipitation during heat treatment and service - Characterisation, simulation and strength contribution
- Grain boundaries in creep resistant steels
- Fracture mechanism map and fundamental aspects of creep fracture
- Mechanisms of creep deformation in steel
- Constitutive equations for creep curves and predicting service life
- Creep strain analysis in steel
- Creep crack growth behaviour and creep-fatigue behaviour of steels
- Creep strength of welded joints of ferritic steels
- Fracture mechanics: Understanding in microdimensions
- Mechanisms of oxidation and corrosion and the influence of steam oxidation on service life of steam power plant components. Part 3 Applications: Alloy design philosophy of creep-resistant steels
- Using creep-resistant steels in turbines
- Using creep-resistant steels in nuclear reactors
- Creep damage - Industry needs and future R&D.
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