CiNii Books - Root-knot nematodes

Meloidogyne species: a diverse group of novel and important plant parasites / Maurice Moens, Roland N. Perry and James L. Starr
General morphology / Jonathan D. Eisenback and David J. Hunt
Taxonomy, identification and principal species / David J. Hunt and Zafar A. Handoo
Biochemical and molecular identification / Vivian C. Blok and Thomas O. Powers
Molecular taxonomy and phylogeny / Byron Adams, Adler R. Dillman and Camille Finlinson
Hatch and host location / Rosane H.C. Curtis, A. Forest Robinson, and Roland N. Perry
Invasion, feeding and development / Pierre Abad ... [et al.]
Reproduction, physiology and biochemistry / David Chitwood and Roland N. Perry
Survival mechanisms / Adrian A.F. Evans and Roland N. Perry
Interactions with other pathogens / Rosa H. Manzanilla-López and James L. Starr
Population dynamics and damage levels / Nicola Greco and Mauro Di Vito
Sampling root-knot nematodes / Larry W. Duncan and Mark S. Phillips
Mechanisms and genetics of resistance / Valerie M. Williamson and Philip A. Roberts
Development of resistant varieties / James L. Starr and Chris F. Mercer
Plant biotechnology and control / Howard J. Atkinson, Peter E. Urwin and Richard S. Hussey
The complete sequence of the genomes of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla / Pierre Abad and Charles H. Opperman
Biological control using microbial pathogens, endophytes and antagonists / Johannes Hallmann, Keith G. Davies and Richard Sikora
Current and future management strategies in intensive crop production systems / Andrew P. Nyczepir and Stephen H. Thomas
Current and future management strategies in resource-poor farming / Danny L. Coyne, Hendrika H. Fourie and Maurice Moens

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Root-knot nematodes are the most economically important group of plant-parasitic nematodes worldwide, and their control presents a major global challenge. Advances are being made in understanding their biology, host-parasite interaction and management strategies, and this comprehensive guide with many colour photos and contributions from international experts covers the taxonomy, classification, morphology, life-cycle biology, genomes, resistance, sampling, detection, and management strategies of these pests, providing an essential reference for researchers, students and lecturers in plant nematology, plant pathology, agriculture, and agronomy.

Table of Contents

1: Meloidogyne species - A Diverse Group of Novel and Important Plant Parasites - Maurice Moens, Roland N. Perry and James L. Starr 1.1: Introduction 1.2: Impact 1.3: History of the Genus 1.4: Current Trends in Species Identification 1.5: Life Cycle 1.6: Diversity in Biology 1.7: Major and Emerging Species 1.8: Interactions with other Plant Pathogens 1.9: Management and Control 1.10: Conclusions and Future Directions 2: General Morphology - Jonathan D. Eisenback and David J. Hunt 2.1: General Morphology 2.2: Body Wall 2.3: Nervous System 2.4: Digestive System 2.5: Secretory-Excretory System 2.6: Reproductive System 2.7: Morphological Methods 2.8: Minimum Standards for Describing a New Species 2.9: References 3: Taxonomy, Identification and Principal Species - David J. Hunt and Zafar A. Handoo 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Systematic Position 3.3: Subfamily and Genus Diagnosis 3.4: List of Species and Synonyms 3.5: Identification 3.6: Principal Species 3.7: Conclusions and Future Directions 3.8: Acknowledgements 3.9: References 4: Biochemical and Molecular Identification - Vivian C. Blok and Thomas O. Powers 4.1: Introduction 4.2: Biochemical Methods 4.3: DNA-based Methods 4.4: Conclusions and Future Directions 4.5: Acknowledgements 4.6: References 5: Molecular Taxonomy and Phylogeny - Byron Adams, Adler R. Dillman and Camille Finlinson 5.1: Introduction 5.2: History of Reconstructing Meloidogyne History 5.3: Molecular Phylogenetics: Genetic Markers and Evolutionary Relationships 5.4: A Meloidogyne Supertree Analysis 5.5: Conclusions and Future Prospects 5.6: References 6: Hatch and Host Location - Rosane H.C. Curtis, A. Forest Robinson and Roland N. Perry 6.1: Introduction 6.2: Hatching 6.3: Movement Through Soil 6.4: Host Location 6.5: Nematode Changes and Responses at the Root-Soil Interface 6.6: Conclusions and Future Directions 6.7: References 7: Invasion, Feeding and Development - Pierre Abad, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Marie-Noelle Rosso, Janice de Almeida Engler and Bruno Favery 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Root-knot Nematode Life Cycle 7.3: Nematode Parasitism 7.4: Compatible Interactions with Resistant Plants: The Case of Virulent Root-knotNematodes 7.5: (A)virulence Determinants and Pathogenicity Factors: Root-knot Nematode Effectors with Dual Function? 7.6: Tools for Molecular and Functional Analysis of Root-knot Nematode Parasitism 7.7: Giant Cell Development 7.8: Cytoskeleton Organization and Cell Cycle Progression during Giant Cell Ontogenesis 7.9: Extensive Cell Wall Modifications to build up Giant Cells 7.10: Suppression of Plant Defence Associated with Giant Cell Development 7.11: Major Reprogramming of Plant Metabolism and Transport 7.12: Comparison between Meloidogyne Parasitism and Symbiotic Rhizobia in Medicago 7.13: Conclusions and Future Directions 7.14: Acknowledgements 7.15: References 8: Reproduction, Physiology and Biochemistry - David Chitwood and Roland N. Perry 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Reproduction and Moulting 8.3: Physiology 8.4: Biochemistry 8.5: Sensory Perception and Neurotransmission 8.6: Conclusions and Future Directions 8.7: References 9: Survival Strategies - Adrian A.F. Evans and Roland N. Perry 9.1: Introduction 9.2: Dormancy, Diapause and Quiescence 9.3: Embryonation and the Egg Mass Environment 9.4: Temperature effects on development of eggs and infective stages 9.5: The Effect of Osmotic Stress on Infective Stages in Soil 9.6: Survival Mechanisms Deployed: Life History Strategies in Meloidogyne species 9.7: Conclusions and Future Directions 9.8: References 10: Interactions with Other Pathogens - Rosa H. Manzanilla-Lopez and James L. Starr 10.1: Introduction 10.2: Interactions with Microbial Pathogens 10.3: Interactions with Other Plant-parasitic Nematodes 10.4: Basis for Interactions 10.5: Conclusions and Future Directions 10.6: References 11: Population Dynamics and Damage Levels - Nicola Greco and Mauro Di Vito 11.1: Introduction 11.2: Patterns of Population Dynamics 11.3: Factors Affecting Population Dynamics 11.4: Modelling Population Dynamics 11.5: Damage Levels 11.6: Pattern of Nematode Damage to Crop Plants 11.7: Factors Affecting Nematode Damage 11.8: Modelling Damage Levels 11.9: Implementing Experiments to Assess Nematode Dynamics and Crop Damage 11.10: Yield Loss Assessment 11.11: Importance of Information on Nematode Damage Levels and Dynamics inManagement Strategies 11.12: Conclusions and Future Directions 11.13: Acknowledgements 11.14: References 12: Distribution Patterns and Sampling - Larry W. Duncan and Mark S. Phillips 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Nematode Spatial Patterns 12.3: Characterizing Sample Accuracy and Reliability 12.4: Sample Processing 12.5: Extracting Nematodes from Soil 12.6: Extracting Nematodes from Plant Material 12.7: Root Gall Indices 12.8: Other Plant Symptoms 12.9: Research to Optimize Sampling Programmes for Root-knot Nematodes 12.10: Examples of Results from Sampling Programmes 12.11: Conclusions and Future Directions 12.12: References 13: Mechanisms and Genetics of Resistance - Valerie M. Williamson and Philip A. Roberts 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Sources and Inheritance of Root-knot Nematode Resistance 13.3: Mechanisms of Resistance to Pathogens in Plants 13.4: Structure and Function of the Nematode Resistance Gene Mi-1 13.5: What is known about other Nematode R Genes 13.6: Nematode Virulence and Durability of Resistance 13.7: Management of Resistance and Virulence in the Field 13.8: Conclusions and Future Directions 13.9: References 14: Development of Resistant Varieties - James L. Starr and Chris F. Mercer 14.1: Introduction - the Plus Side 14.2: Introduction - a Look at the Other Side 14.3: Successful Use of Resistance - Room for Wider Deployment 14.4: Planning a Resistance-breeding Programme 14.5: Screening Methods Including Marker-assisted Selection 14.6: Quality of Candidate Resistant Material 14.7: Engineered Resistance 14.8: Conclusions and Future Directions 14.9: References 15: Plant Biotechnology and Control - Howard J. Atkinson, Peter E. Urwin and Richard S. Hussey 15.1: Introduction 15.2: Proteinase Inhibitors 15.3: Cry Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis as Biopesticides 15.4: In planta RNAi to Target Plant-parasitic Nematodes 15.5: Repellents 15.6: The Mi-1-mediated Resistance Response 15.7: Efficacy and Durability 15.8: Promoters for Transgenic Control of Meloidogyne 15.9: Biosafety 15.10: Developing World Needs 15.11: Conclusions and Future Directions 15.12: References 16: The Complete Sequence of the Genomes of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla - Pierre Abad and Charles H. Opperman1 Meloidogyne species - A Diverse Group of Novel and Important Plant Parasites - Maurice Moens, Roland N. Perry and James L. Starr 1.1: Introduction 1.2: Impact 1.3: History of the Genus 1.4: Current Trends in Species Identification 1.5: Life Cycle 1.6: Diversity in Biology 1.7: Major and Emerging Species 1.8: Interactions with other Plant Pathogens 1.9: Management and Control 1.10: Conclusions and Future Directions 2: General Morphology - Jonathan D. Eisenback and David J. Hunt 2.1: General Morphology 2.2: Body Wall 2.3: Nervous System 2.4: Digestive System 2.5: Secretory-Excretory System 2.6: Reproductive System 2.7: Morphological Methods 2.8: Minimum Standards for Describing a New Species 2.9: References 3: Taxonomy, Identification and Principal Species - David J. Hunt and Zafar A. Handoo 3.1: Introduction 3.2: Systematic Position 3.3: Subfamily and Genus Diagnosis 3.4: List of Species and Synonyms 3.5: Identification 3.6: Principal Species 3.7: Conclusions and Future Directions 3.8: Acknowledgements 3.9: References 4: Biochemical and Molecular Identification - Vivian C. Blok and Thomas O. Powers 4.1: Introduction 4.2: Biochemical Methods 4.3: DNA-based Methods 4.4: Conclusions and Future Directions 4.5: Acknowledgements 4.6: References 5: Molecular Taxonomy and Phylogeny - Byron Adams, Adler R. Dillman and Camille Finlinson 5.1: Introduction 5.2: History of Reconstructing Meloidogyne History 5.3: Molecular Phylogenetics: Genetic Markers and Evolutionary Relationships 5.4: A Meloidogyne Supertree Analysis 5.5: Conclusions and Future Prospects 5.6: References 6: Hatch and Host Location - Rosane H.C. Curtis, A. Forest Robinson and Roland N. Perry 6.1: Introduction 6.2: Hatching 6.3: Movement Through Soil 6.4: Host Location 6.5: Nematode Changes and Responses at the Root-Soil Interface 6.6: Conclusions and Future Directions 6.7: References 7: Invasion, Feeding and Development - Pierre Abad, Philippe Castagnone-Sereno, Marie-Noelle Rosso, Janice de Almeida Engler and Bruno Favery 7.1: Introduction 7.2: Root-knot Nematode Life Cycle 7.3: Nematode Parasitism 7.4: Compatible Interactions with Resistant Plants: The Case of Virulent Root-knotNematodes 7.5: (A)virulence Determinants and Pathogenicity Factors: Root-knot Nematode Effectors with Dual Function? 7.6: Tools for Molecular and Functional Analysis of Root-knot Nematode Parasitism 7.7: Giant Cell Development 7.8: Cytoskeleton Organization and Cell Cycle Progression during Giant Cell Ontogenesis 7.9: Extensive Cell Wall Modifications to build up Giant Cells 7.10: Suppression of Plant Defence Associated with Giant Cell Development 7.11: Major Reprogramming of Plant Metabolism and Transport 7.12: Comparison between Meloidogyne Parasitism and Symbiotic Rhizobia in Medicago 7.13: Conclusions and Future Directions 7.14: Acknowledgements 7.15: References 8: Reproduction, Physiology and Biochemistry - David Chitwood and Roland N. Perry 8.1: Introduction 8.2: Reproduction and Moulting 8.3: Physiology 8.4: Biochemistry 8.5: Sensory Perception and Neurotransmission 8.6: Conclusions and Future Directions 8.7: References 9: Survival Strategies - Adrian A.F. Evans and Roland N. Perry 9.1: Introduction 9.2: Dormancy, Diapause and Quiescence 9.3: Embryonation and the Egg Mass Environment 9.4: Temperature effects on development of eggs and infective stages 9.5: The Effect of Osmotic Stress on Infective Stages in Soil 9.6: Survival Mechanisms Deployed: Life History Strategies in Meloidogyne species 9.7: Conclusions and Future Directions 9.8: References 10: Interactions with Other Pathogens - Rosa H. Manzanilla-Lopez and James L. Starr 10.1: Introduction 10.2: Interactions with Microbial Pathogens 10.3: Interactions with Other Plant-parasitic Nematodes 10.4: Basis for Interactions 10.5: Conclusions and Future Directions 10.6: References 11: Population Dynamics and Damage Levels - Nicola Greco and Mauro Di Vito 11.1: Introduction 11.2: Patterns of Population Dynamics 11.3: Factors Affecting Population Dynamics 11.4: Modelling Population Dynamics 11.5: Damage Levels 11.6: Pattern of Nematode Damage to Crop Plants 11.7: Factors Affecting Nematode Damage 11.8: Modelling Damage Levels 11.9: Implementing Experiments to Assess Nematode Dynamics and Crop Damage 11.10: Yield Loss Assessment 11.11: Importance of Information on Nematode Damage Levels and Dynamics inManagement Strategies 11.12: Conclusions and Future Directions 11.13: Acknowledgements 11.14: References 12: Distribution Patterns and Sampling - Larry W. Duncan and Mark S. Phillips 12.1: Introduction 12.2: Nematode Spatial Patterns 12.3: Characterizing Sample Accuracy and Reliability 12.4: Sample Processing 12.5: Extracting Nematodes from Soil 12.6: Extracting Nematodes from Plant Material 12.7: Root Gall Indices 12.8: Other Plant Symptoms 12.9: Research to Optimize Sampling Programmes for Root-knot Nematodes 12.10: Examples of Results from Sampling Programmes 12.11: Conclusions and Future Directions 12.12: References 13: Mechanisms and Genetics of Resistance - Valerie M. Williamson and Philip A. Roberts 13.1: Introduction 13.2: Sources and Inheritance of Root-knot Nematode Resistance 13.3: Mechanisms of Resistance to Pathogens in Plants 13.4: Structure and Function of the Nematode Resistance Gene Mi-1 13.5: What is known about other Nematode R Genes 13.6: Nematode Virulence and Durability of Resistance 13.7: Management of Resistance and Virulence in the Field 13.8: Conclusions and Future Directions 13.9: References 14: Development of Resistant Varieties - James L. Starr and Chris F. Mercer 14.1: Introduction - the Plus Side 14.2: Introduction - a Look at the Other Side 14.3: Successful Use of Resistance - Room for Wider Deployment 14.4: Planning a Resistance-breeding Programme 14.5: Screening Methods Including Marker-assisted Selection 14.6: Quality of Candidate Resistant Material 14.7: Engineered Resistance 14.8: Conclusions and Future Directions 14.9: References 15: Plant Biotechnology and Control - Howard J. Atkinson, Peter E. Urwin and Richard S. Hussey 15.1: Introduction 15.2: Proteinase Inhibitors 15.3: Cry Proteins of Bacillus thuringiensis as Biopesticides 15.4: In planta RNAi to Target Plant-parasitic Nematodes 15.5: Repellents 15.6: The Mi-1-mediated Resistance Response 15.7: Efficacy and Durability 15.8: Promoters for Transgenic Control of Meloidogyne 15.9: Biosafety 15.10: Developing World Needs 15.11: Conclusions and Future Directions 15.12: References 16: The Complete Sequence of the Genomes of Meloidogyne incognita and Meloidogyne hapla Pierre Abad and Charles H. Opperman 16.1: Introduction 16.2: Meloidogyne incognita Genome 16.3: Meloidogyne hapla Genome 16.4: Conclusions and Future Directions 16.5: Acknowledgements 16.6: References 17: Biological Control through Microbial Pathogens, Endophytes and Antagonists - Johannes Hallmann, Keith G. Davies and Richard Sikora 17.1: Introduction 17.2: Bacterial Pathogens and Antagonists 17.3: Fungal Pathogens and Antagonists 17.4: Commercialisation and Future Directions 17.5: References 18: Current and Future Management Strategies in Intensive Crop Production Systems - Andrew P. Nyczepir and Stephen H. Thomas 18.1: Introduction 18.2: Current Control Practices 18.3: Current Management Practices 18.4: Future Opportunities and Challenges 18.5: Conclusions and Future Directions 18.6: References 19: Current and Future Management Strategies in Resource-Poor Farming - Danny L. Coyne, Driekie H. Fourie and Maurice Moens 19.1: Introduction and Definitions 19.2: Options 19.3: Correct Diagnosis 19.4: Prevention 19.5: Cultural Control 19.6: Cropping Systems 19.7: Resistance 19.8: Biological Control 19.9: Chemical Control 19.10: Conclusions and Future Directions 19.11: References

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Root-knot nematodes

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