Chemical and bio-process control

Author(s)

    • Riggs, James B.
    • Karim, M. Nazmul (Mohammed Nazmul)

Bibliographic Information

Chemical and bio-process control

James B. Riggs, M. Nazmul Karim

Pearson Education, c2006

3rd ed., Pearson international ed

  • : pbk

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Note

Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Key features: Industrially relevant approach to chemical and bio-process control Fully revised edition with substantial enhancements to the theoretical coverage of the subject Increased number and variety of examples Extensively revised homework problems with degree-of-diffi culty rating added Expanded and enhanced chapter on model predictive control Self-assessment questions and problems at the end of most sections with answers listed in the appendix Bio-process control coverage: Background and history of bio-processing and bio-process control added to the introductory chapter Discussion and analysis of the primary bio-sensors used in bio-tech industries added to the chapter on control loop hardware Signifi cant proportion of examples and homework problems in the text deal with bio-processes Section on troubleshooting bio-process control systems included Bio-related process models added to the modeling chapter Supplemental material: Visual basic simulator of process models developed in text Solutions manual Set of PowerPoint lecture slides Collection of process control exams All supplemental material can be found at www.che.ttu.edu/pcoc/software

Table of Contents

  • PART I: INTRODUCTIONChapter1: Introduction 31.1 Chemical and Bio-Process Control
  • 1.2 Everyday Examples of Process Control
  • 1.3 Control Diagrams and P 1.4 Industrial Process Control Examples
  • 1.5 Block Diagram of a General Feedback Control System
  • 1.6 Types of Controllers
  • 1.7 Responsibilities of a Chemical Process Control Engineer
  • 1.8 Operator Acceptance
  • 1.9 Process Control and Process Optimization
  • 1.10 Summary Chapter: 2 Control Loop Hardware 352.1 Introduction
  • 2.2 Control Systems
  • 2.3 Actuator Systems (Final Control Elements)
  • 2.4 Sensor Systems
  • 2.5 Summary PART II: PROCESS DYNAMICSChapter 3: Dynamic Modeling 873.1 Introduction
  • 3.2 Uses of Dynamic Models
  • 3.3 Classification of Phenomenological Models
  • 3.4 Dynamic Balance Equations
  • 3.5 Modeling Examples
  • 3.6 Sensor Noise
  • 3.7 Numerical Integration of ODEs
  • 3.8 Summary Chapter 4: Laplace Transforms 1334.1 Introduction
  • 4.2 Laplace Transforms
  • 4.3 Laplace Transform Solutions of Linear Differential Equations
  • 4.4 Individual Real Poles
  • 4.5 Repeated Real Poles
  • 4.6 Complex Poles
  • 4.7 Summary Chapter 5: Transfer Functions 1575.1 Introduction
  • 5.2 General Characteristics of Transfer Functions
  • 5.3 Poles of a Transfer Function
  • 5.4 Stability Analysis Using the Routh Array
  • 5.5 Zeros of a Transfer Function
  • 5.6 Block Diagrams using Transfer Functions
  • 5.7 Linearization of Nonlinear Differential Equations
  • 5.8 State Space Models
  • 5.9 Transfer Functions from State Space Models
  • 5.10 Summary Chapter 6: Dynamic Behavior of Ideal Systems 2016.1 Introduction
  • 6.2 Idealized Process Inputs
  • 6.3 First-Order Processes
  • 6.4 Second-Order Processes
  • 6.5 Integrating Processes
  • 6.6 High-Order Processes
  • 6.7 Deadtime
  • 6.8 First Order Plus Deadtime (FOPDT) Model
  • 6.9 Inverse-Acting Processes
  • 6.10 Lead-Lag Element
  • 6.11 Recycle Processes
  • 6.12 Summary PART III: PID CONTROLChapter 7: PID Control 2357.1 Introduction
  • 7.2 Closed-Loop Transfer Functions
  • 7.3 Analysis of P, I, and D Action
  • 7.4 Position Forms of the PID Algorithm
  • 7.5 Velocity Forms of the PID Algorithm
  • 7.6 Interactive Form of the PID Controller
  • 7.7 Direct- and Reverse-Acting Controllers
  • 7.8 Filtering of Sensor Measurements
  • 7.9 Controller Design Issues
  • 7.10 Commonly Encountered Control Loops
  • 7.11 Summary Chapter 8: PID Controller Tuning 2798.1 Introduction
  • 8.2 Effect of Tuning Parameters on P-only Control
  • 8.3 Effect of Tuning Parameters on PI Control
  • 8.4 Effect of Tuning Parameters on PID Control
  • 8.5 Summary Chapter 9: PID Controller Tuning 2979.1 Introduction
  • 9.2 Tuning Criteria and Performance Assessment
  • 9.3 Classical Tuning Methods
  • 9.4 Controller Tuning by Pole Placement
  • 9.5 PID Tuning Based on Internal Model Control (IMC)
  • 9.6 Controller Reliability
  • 9.7 Selection of Tuning Criterion
  • 9.8 Tuning the Filter on Sensor Readings
  • 9.9 Recommended Approach to Controller Tuning
  • 9.10 Tuning Fast-Responding Control Loops
  • 9.11 Tuning Slow-Responding Control Loops
  • 9.12 PID Tuning
  • 9.13 Tuning Level Controllers
  • 9.14 Control Interval
  • 9.15 Summary Chapter 10: Troubleshooting Control Loops 34310.1 Introduction
  • 10.2 Overall Approach to Troubleshooting
  • 10.3 Troubleshooting Control Loop in the CPI
  • 10.4 Troubleshooting Control Loop for Bio-Processes
  • 10.5 Summary Chapter 11: Frequency Response Analysis 35911.1 Introduction
  • 11.2 Bode Plot
  • 11.3 Bode Stability Criterion, Gain Margin and Phase Margin
  • 11.4 Pulse Tests
  • 11.5 Nyquist Diagrams
  • 11.6 Closed-Loop Frequency Response
  • 11.7 Summary PART IV: ADVANCED PID CONTROLChapter 12: Cascade, Ratio, and Feedforward Control 38112.1 Introduction
  • 12.2 Cascade Control
  • 12.3 Ratio Control
  • 12.4 Feedforward Control
  • 12.5 Summary Chapter 13: PID Enhancements 40913.1 Introduction
  • 13.2 Inferential Control
  • 13.3 Scheduling Controller Tuning
  • 13.4 Override/Select Control
  • 13.5 Computed Manipulated Variable Control
  • 13.6 Summary Chapter 14: PID Implementation Issues 43114.1 Introduction
  • 14.2 Anti-windup Strategies
  • 14.3 Bumpless Transfer
  • 14.4 Split-Range Control
  • 14.5 Summary PART V: CONTROL OF MIMO PROCESSESChapter 15: PID Controllers Applied to MIMO Systems 44115.1 Introduction
  • 15.2 SISO Controllers and (c, y) Pairings
  • 15.3 Steady-State Coupling
  • 15.4 Dynamic Factors in Configuration Selection
  • 15.5 Sensitivity to Disturbances
  • 15.6 Tuning Decentralized Controllers
  • 15.7 Decouplers
  • 15.8 Summary Chapter 16: Model Predictive Controller 46116.1 Introduction
  • 16.2 Step Response Models (SRMs)
  • 16.3 The Dynamic Matrix
  • 16.4 Moving Horizon Controller
  • 16.5 Prediction Vector
  • 16.6 DMC Controller
  • 16.7 Extension to MIMO Processes
  • 16.8 Application of DMC for Constraint Control
  • 16.9 Combining an LP with DMC
  • 16.10 DMC Model Identification
  • 16.11 Organization of an Industrial MPC Application Project
  • 16.12 Summary Chapter 17: Multi-Unit Controller Design 49117.1 Introduction
  • 17.2 Approach
  • 17.3 Distillation Column
  • 17.4 Recycle Reactor Process
  • 17.5 Summary Chapter 18: Case Studies 50518.1 Introduction
  • 18.2 Heat Exchanger Control
  • 18.3 CSTR Temperature Control
  • 18.4 Distillation Control
  • 18.5 pH Control
  • 18.6 Summary Appendix A: Answers to Self-Assessment Questions and Problems 539Appendix B: Piping and Instrumentation Diagrams 559Appendix C: Pseudo-Random Number Generator 563Appendix D: Signal Filtering 565Index 569

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