The pharmacy technician : foundations and practices

著者

• Johnston, Mike, CPhT
• Davis, Karen, CPhT
• Gricar, Jeff

書誌事項

The pharmacy technician : foundations and practices

Mike Johnston, Karen Davis, Jeff Gricar

Pearson, c2009

タイトル別名

Pharmacy technician

注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

System requirements for accompanying CD-ROM: Windows/Macintosh

内容説明・目次

内容説明

The Pharmacy Technician: Fundamentals of Practice addresses today's comprehensive educational needs for one of the fastest growing jobs in the United States - the pharmacy technician. With many State Boards of Pharmacy either considering, or having already enacted, mandatory registration, certification and/or formal education, the need for a comprehensive and up-to-date pharmacy technician book like The Pharmacy Technician: Fundamentals of Practice has never been greater. This book covers an introduction to pharmacy practice, how to properly perform pharmacy and dosage calculations, pharmacology- including anatomy and physiology, and an overview of special considerations in pharmacy practice.

目次

Table of Contents Preface How to Use this Book I. Fundamentals of Pharmacy Practice 1. History of Pharmacy Practice Introduction The Age of Antiquity Ancient Man Ancient Mesopotamia Ancient China Ancient Egypt Ancient India Ancient Greece Ancient Rome The Middle Ages Monasteries The First Apothecaries The First Pharmacopeia The Renaissance 1500s - 1600s The First Anglo-Saxon Organization for Pharmacists The First Apothecary in the American Colonies The 18th Century America's First Female Pharmacist America's First Hospital America's First Apothecary General The 19th Century America's First College of Pharmacy The American Pharmaceutical Association The Father of American Pharmacy The United States Pharmacopoeia The Father of Modern Genetics The 20th Century The American Council on Pharmaceutical Education Evolution of the Pharmacist's Role Evolution of the Pharmacy Technician The Future Biotechnology Pharmacogenomics Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 2. The Professional Pharmacy Technician Introduction Overview of the Pharmacy Profession Educational Requirements Roles of Pharmacy Professionals Practice Settings Characteristics of a Good Pharmacy Technician Display a Professional Manner and Image Demonstrate Initiative and Responsibility Work as a Team Member Adapt to Change Enhance Skills and Knowledge through Continuing Education and Professional Development Treat Patients with Compassion and Empathy Preparing for Your Future as a Pharmacy Technician Registration/Licensure for the Pharmacy Technician Certification for the Pharmacy Technician Professional Organizations Career Opportunities Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 3. Communication and Customer Care Introduction The Communication Process The Sender The Message The Receiver Feedback Communication Types and Methods Verbal Communication Written Communication Nonverbal Communication Barriers to Communication Language Barriers Communication Impairments Defense Mechanisms Conflict Eliminating Communication Barriers Caring for Customers & Patients Patient Rights Greeting Customers Protecting Confidentiality Pharmacist Consultations Special Considerations Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 4. Pharmacy Law and Ethics Introduction Overview of Law Constitutional Law Statutes and Regulations State Law and Regulations Legislative Intent Criminal, Civil and Administrative Law Criminal Law Civil Law Administrative Law Violations of the Law Regulatory Agencies Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services Drug Enforcement Administration Food and Drug Administration Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations Occupational Safety and Health Administration State Board of Pharmacy Overview of Pharmacy Law State and Federal Functions The Pure Food & Drug Act of 1906 The Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act of 1938 The Durham-Humphrey Amendment of 1951 The Kefauver-Harris Amendment of 1962 The Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention & Control Act of 1970 The Poison Prevention Packing Act of 1970 The Occupational and Safety Health Act of 1970 The Drug Listing Act of 1972 The Medical Device Amendment of 1976 The Orphan Drug Act of 1983 The Drug Price Competition and Patent Term Restoration Act of 1984 The Prescription Drug Marketing Act of 1987 The Anabolic Steroids Act of 1990 The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act of 1990 The Dietary Supplement Health & Education Act of 1994 The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 The Combat Methamphetamine Epidemic Act of 2005 Adulteration versus Misbranding Adulterated Drugs Misbranded Drugs New Drugs Samples Medical Devices Monographs Description Clinical Pharmacology Indications and Usage Contraindications Warnings Precautions Drug Abuse and Dependence Adverse Reactions Dosage How Supplied Ethics and the Pharmacy Technician Defining Ethics Moral Philosophy Practicing Ethics Ethical Theories Consequentialism Nonconsequentialism Social Contracts The Ethics of Care Rights-Based Ethics Principle-Based Ethics Virtues-Based Ethics Law Professional Code of Ethics The Pharmacy Technician Code of Ethics Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 5. Terminology and Abbreviations Introduction Understanding Selected Roots Understanding Selected Prefixes Understanding Selected Suffixes Understanding Combining Forms Pharmacy Abbreviations Dangerous Abbreviations Terminology Pharmaceutical Terminology Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources II. Community and Institutional Pharmacy 6. Retail Pharmacy Introduction Retail Pharmacy Independent Pharmacies Chain/Franchise Pharmacies Retail Pharmacy Staff Certified Pharmacy Technician Pharmacy Clerk/Cashier Pharmacy Manager Doctor of Pharmacy Pharmacist In Charge Registered Pharmacist Store Manager Organization of Retail Pharmacies OTC/Front End Behind the Counter OTC Prescription Drop-Off Pharmacy Workstations Pharmacy Counter Storage Pick-Up Area (Drive-Thru) Counseling Area Regulatory Agencies State Board of Pharmacy Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services The Prescription Elements of the Prescription The Patient Profile Processing Prescriptions Refills Transfers Pharmacy Technician Job Responsibilities Over-the-Counter Medications and Pharmacy Technicians Medical Equipment and Devices Patient Confidentiality and HIPAA Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 7. Health System Pharmacy Introduction Health-System Pharmacies Long-Term Care Facilities Hospices Nursing Homes Correctional Facilities Hospital Pharmacies Hospital Staff Doctor of Osteopathy Doctor of Medicine Physician Assistant Certified Nursing Assistant Licensed Nursing Assistant Licensed Practical Nurse Nurse Practitioner Registered Nurse Organization of Hospital Pharmacies Centralized Pharmacy Decentralized Pharmacies Regulatory Agencies Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations State Board of Pharmacy Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services State Department of Public Health The Policy and Procedure Manual The Need The Benefits The Contents Dispensing Systems Floor Stock Patient Prescriptions Unit-Dose The Medication Order Medication Order Components Types of Medication Orders Receiving Medication Orders Processing Medication Orders Dispensing Medication Orders Pharmacy Technician Job Responsibilities Record Maintenance and Management Unit-Dose Preparation Compounding Repackaging Floor Stock Inspections Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 8. Computers Applications in the Pharmacy Setting Introduction Computers Hardware Software Computers in the Pharmacy Automation and Robotics in Community Pharmacies Counting Machines Bar Coding Equipment Prescription Filling Robots Automation and Robotics in Health-System Pharmacies Automated Medication Delivery Systems Automated Storage and Retrieval Systems Bar-Coding Personal Digital Assistants Telepharmacy Pharmacy Technology and Patient Confidentiality Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 9. Inventory Management and Health Insurance Billing Introduction Purchasing Systems Independent Purchasing Group Purchasing Methods of Purchasing Purchasing Direct Wholesalers Primary Vendors Formularies The Ordering Process Generate Order Confirm Order Submit Order Supplier's Receipt of Order Processing/Shipping of Order The Receiving Process Order Delivery Order Verification Inventory Adjustment Stocking the Order Recordkeeping Returns Expired Drugs Recalls Product Returns Insurance Billing Types of Insurance Health Maintenance Organizations Preferred Provider Organizations Medicaid/Medicare Worker's Compensation Understanding the Insurance Billing Process Insurance Terms Collecting Insurance Data Transmitting Prescriptions Troubleshooting Insurance Common Errors/Messages Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 10. Introduction to Compounding Introduction Overview of Compounding Compounding a Prescription Equipment and Supplies Compounding Facilities Quality Assurance Dosage Forms and Basic Guidelines Capsules Powders Lozenges and Troches Suppositories Solutions Suspensions Pastes Creams Gels Ophthalmic Preparations Otic Preparations Nasal Preparations Veterinary Compounding Medication Flavoring Psychological Impact Flavoring Considerations Four Taste Types Flavoring Techniques Coloring Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 11. Introduction to Sterile Products Introduction Aseptic Technique Basic Equipment and Supplies Laminar Flow Hoods Vertical Flow Hoods Needles Syringes IV Bags Routes of Administration Risks Intravenous Administration Sterile Products Sterility pH Tonicity Storage Common Products Compatibility TPNs-Total Parenteral Nutrition Chemotherapy Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources III. Pharmacy Calculations 12. Basic Math Skills Introduction Basic Math Pretest Decimals Decimals as Fractions Key Points for Working with Decimals Practice Problems 12.1 Rounding Practice Problems 12.2 Adding and Subtracting Decimals Practice Problems 12.3 Multiplying Decimals Practice Problems 12.4 Dividing Decimals Practice Problems 12.5 Roman Numerals Rules for Roman Numerals Practice Problems 12.6 Fractions Proper Fractions Improper Fractions Simple Fractions Complex Fractions Rules for Calculating with Fractions Practice Problems 12.7 - Calculating Fractions Ratios and Proportions Ratios Practice Problems 12.8 Ratios as Fractions Practice Problems 12.9 Fractions as Ratios Practice Problems 12.10 Ratios as Percentages Proportions Solving for X Practice Problems 12.11 Solving for X Summary Chapter Review Questions References and Resources 13. Measurement Systems Introduction The Metric System Guidelines for Metric Notation Practice Problems 13.1 Practice Problems 13.2 International Units Practice Problems 13.3 Milliequivalent Practice Problems 13.4 The Apothecary System The Avoirdupois System The Household System Practice Problems 13.5 Converting Measurements Converting the Household System Formula: Conversion of Systems Practice Problems 13.6 Converting the Apothecary System Practice Problems 13.7 Temperature Conversions Practice Problems 13.9 Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions References and Resources 14. Dosage Calculations Introduction Calculating the Number of Doses Practice Problems 14.1 - Calculating the Number of Doses Calculating the Quantity to Dispense Practice Problems 14.2 - Calculating the Quantity to Dispense Calculating the Quantity of Ingredient Practice Problems 14.3 - Calculating the Quantity of Ingredient Calculating the Correct Days Supply Practice Problems 14.4 - Calculating the Correct Days Supply Solving Multiple Dosage Calculations Practice Problems 14.5 - Solving Multiple Dosage Calculations Calculating Pediatric Dosages Calculating Pediatric Dosages using Fried's Rule Practice Problems 14.6 - Calculating Pediatric Dosages using Fried's Rule Calculating Pediatric Dosages using Young's Rule Practice Problems 14.7 - Calculating Pediatric Dosages using Young's Rule Calculating Pediatric Dosages using Clark's Rule Practice Problems 14.8 - Calculating Pediatric Dosages using Clark's Rule Converting Weight from Pounds to Kg Practice Problems 14.9 - Converting Weight Calculating Dosages using Mg/Kg/Day Practice Problems 14.10 - Calculating Dosages using Mg/Kg/Day Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions References and Resources 15. Concentrations and Dilutions Introduction Concentrations Weight/Weight Concentrations Practice Problems 15.1 - W/W Concentrations Weight/Volume Concentrations Practice Problems 15.2 - Weight/Volume Concentrations Volume/Volume Concentrations Practice Problems 15.3 -Volume/Volume Concentrations Dilutions Practice Problems 15.4 - Dilutions Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions References and Resources 16. Alligations Introduction Solving Alligations The Alligation Grid Practice Problems 16.1 Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions References and Resources 17. Parenteral Calculations Introduction Basic Dimensional Analysis Practice Problems 17.1 Basic Dimensional Analysis Flow Rates Flow Rate Duration Practice Problems 17.2 Flow Rate Duration Volume per Hour Practice Problems 17.3 Volume per Hour Drug per Hour Practice Problems 17.4 Drug per Hour Drop Factors Practice Problems 17.5 Drip Rates TPN Milliequivalents Electrolyte Solutions Practice Problems 17.6 Milliequivalents Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions References and Resources IV. Pharmacology 18. Dosage Formulations and Administration Introduction Sources of Drugs Natural Drug Sources Synthetic Drug Sources Genetically Engineered Drug Sources Drug Nomenclature Chemical Name Generic Name Trade or Brand Name Medication Errors The Five "Rights" of Medication Administration Types of Medication Errors Dosage Formulations Solid Dosage Forms Liquid Dosage Forms Solutions Inhalants Liniments Emulsions Suspensions Powders Granules Aerosol Extended-Release Dosage Forms Routes of Administration Oral Transdermal Inhalation Nasal Parenteral Topical Rectal Vaginal Ophthalmic Otic Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 19. The Body and Drugs Introduction Pharmacodynamics Receptor Complex Site of Action Mechanism of Action Receptor Site Agonists and Antagonists The Dose-Response Curve Half Life Time-Response Curve Pharmacodynamic Mechanisms Pharmacokinetics Plasma Concentration (Cp) Drug Absorption Drug Distribution Membrane Transport Mechanisms The Quality of Drugs - Solubility Drugs and Their Ionization Drug Distribution and Metabolism The Path Plasma Binding Protein Absorption Rate of Administration Volume of Distribution Clearance Addiction Characteristics of Addiction Causes of Addiction The Criteria for Addiction Alcohol Smoking Withdrawal and Cessation Drug Dependency Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 20. Drug Classifications Introduction Classification of Drugs Analgesics Antirheumatics Anti-infectives Antineoplastics Antiseptics Cardiovascular Agents Central Nervous System Agents Diuretics Endocrine and Metabolic Agents Adrenocortical Steroids Sex Hormones Uterine-Active Agents Gastrointestional Agents Hemotological Agents Muscle Relaxants Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs Nutritional Agents Respiratory Agents Other Criteria for Drug Classification Pregnancy Categories Controlled Substance Categories Over-the-Counter Drugs Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 21. The Skin Introduction Anatomy Diseases and Conditions of the Skin Rash Eczema Psoriasis Skin Infections Acne Cellulitis Parasitic Infestations Tumors and Cancerous Growths Pigmentation Disorders Miscellaneous Skin Conditions and Diseases Pharmaceutical Treatment of Various Skin Diseases Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 22. Eyes and Ears Introduction Anatomy and Physiology of the Eye How the Eye Works Diseases of the Eyes Infections of the Eye and their Pharmaceutical Treatment Stye Blepharitis Conjunctivitis Eye Disorders that Affect Vision Glaucoma Cataract Vascular Retinopathies Cycloplegic Drugs, Mydriatic Drugs, and Lubricants The Ear Anatomy and Physiology of the Ear Disorders and Diseases of the Ear Complications of Earwax Buildup Types of Hearing Loss Conductive Hearing Loss Sensory Hearing Loss Drug Induced Hearing Loss Neural Hearing Loss Presbycusis Otitis Media Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 23. The Gastrointestinal System Introduction Anatomy and Physiology of the Digestive System Digestion Disorders of the Digestive System Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Nausea and/or Vomiting Ulcers Non-Steroidal Anti-inflammatory Drugs Constipation Nutrition Macronutrients Micronutrients USDA MyPyramid Food Guidance System Food Allergies Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 24. The Musculoskeletal System Introduction Anatomy of the Muscles Muscle Action The Bones Bone Marrow The Functions of Bones Musculoskeletal Disorders Osteomyelitis Osteoporosis Paget's Disease Treatment of Weak, Fragile, or Soft Bones Bursitis Tendonitis Myalgia Bone Marrow Disorders Arthritis Arthritis Treatment Disease Modifying Anti-Rheumatic Drugs (DMARDS) Treatment of Gout Inflammation Treatment for Inflammation Skeletal Muscle Relaxants Spastic Diseases Multiple Sclerosis Cerebral Palsy Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 25. The Respiratory System Introduction Function of the Respiratory System Anatomy of the Respiratory System The Diaphragm The Lungs Respiration Diseases and Conditions of the Respiratory Tract Colds Coughs Treatment of Allergies Antihistamines Mast Cell Stabilizers Cystic Fibrosis Asthma Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Emphysema Chronic Bronchitis Treatment Asthma and COPD Bronchodilators Xanthines Anticholinergics Anti-inflammatory Agents Mast Cell Inhibitors Anti-Leukotriene Drugs Other Treatments Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 26. The Cardio, Circulatory, and Lymph Systems Introduction Anatomy of the Heart Blood Function of the Heart The Conduction System Diseases of the Heart Hypertension Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) Ischemia Myocardial Infarction Arrhythmias Treatment for Heart Disease Cardiac Glycosides Diuretics Vasodilators ACE Inhibitors Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers Beta-Adrenergic Blockers Antiadrenergic Agents Coronary Artery Disease Treatment of Coronary Artery Disease Antiplatelets Anticoagulants Tissue Plasminogen Activators Thrombin Inhibitors Antidotes for Overdose of Antiplatelets or Anticoagulants Cholesterol Triglycerides Antihyperlipidemics The Lymphatic System Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 27. The Immune System Introduction The Body's Defense Mechanisms Nonspecific Defense Mechanisms Specific Defense Mechanisms Lymphocytes Types of Infectious Organisms Animal Microorganisms Virus Plant Microorganisms HIV/AIDS Progression of HIV to AIDS to Death in Five Stages HIV/AIDS Drugs Autoimmune Diseases Methods of Pathogenic Transmission Antiinfectives Antibacterials Antifungals Amebicides/Antiprotozoal Antivirals Drug Resistance Solutions to Resistance Vaccines Various Infectious Disease States Malaria Cancer Cancer Treatments Drugs Used to Treat Cancer Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 28. The Renal System Introduction Anatomy and Physiology of the Renal System The Nephron The Bladder and Urine Diseases, Conditions, and Treatments of the Urinary System Urinary Incontinence Urinary Retention Urinary Tract Infections Other Signs and Symptoms of Renal System Conditions Kidney Stones Edema and Hypertension Diabetes Mellitus and the Kidneys Diuretics Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 29. The Endocrine System Introduction Anatomy of the Endocrine System Hormones The Endocrine Glands Hypothalamus Pituitary Gland Thyroid and Parathyroid Adrenal Glands The Nephron Gonads Estrogen Replacement Therapy and Menopause Testosterone Hormonal Replacement Side Effects of Anabolic Steroids Androgen Precautions Glandular Disease States Examples of Conditions that Benefit from Endocrine Therapy Endocrine System Disorders Pituitary Gigantism Pituitary Dwarfism Acromegaly Diabetes Diabetes Insipidus Abnormalities of the Adrenal Gland Cushing's Syndrome Addison's Disease Cretinism Myxedema (Secondary Hypothyroidism) Grave's Disease Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 30. The Reproductive System Introduction The Female Reproductive System Anatomy Reproductive Cycle Hormone Contraception Drug-Drug and Drug-Herb Interactions with Hormone Contraception Topical Contraceptives Contraceptive Devices Mammary Glands and Childbirth Female Infertility The Male Reproductive System Anatomy Male Infertility Erectile Dysfunction Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Sexually Transmitted Diseases Treatment and Prevention of STDs Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 31. The Nervous System Introduction Anatomy of the Nervous System Functions of the Nervous System The Neuron The Peripheral Nervous System The Central Nervous System Spinal Cord Brain The Limbic System Blood Brain Barrier Diseases Affecting the Central Nervous System Anxiety Depression Bipolar Disorder Psychosis Mechanism of Action of Antipsychotic Drugs Insomnia Hypnotics, Sedatives, and Barbiturates Benzodiazepines Non-Benzodiazepines Drugs Stimulants Adverse Actions of Stimulants Contraindications Withdrawal Treatment ADHA and ADD Stimulants Used in the Treatment of ADHD and ADD Nonstimulants Used in the Treatment of ADHD and ADD Convulsions, Seizures, and Epilepsy Types and Classifications of Seizures Status Epilepticus Treatment of Seizures and Convulsions Parkinson's Disease Pharmaceutical Treatments Dementia Signs and Symptoms of Dementia Treatment of Dementia Migraine Headaches Classic Migraine Common Migraine Cancer Pain Treatment of Cancer Pain Nonpharmaceutical Pain Relief Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources V. Special Topics 32. Pediatric and Neonatal Patients Introduction Pharmacological Differences in Pediatric Patients Drug Metabolism Pediatric Medication Administration Medication Errors and Pediatric Patients Hospital Wide Action to Prevent Medication Errors Pharmacy Actions to Prevent Medication Errors Pharmacy Education and Communication Common Childhood Illnesses Respiratory Diseases Cardiovascular and Blood Disorders Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 33. Geriatric Patients Introduction The Physiological Factors Nutrition and the Presence of Disease Disease-Drug interactions Noncompliance Role of the Pharmacy Technician Dosage Forms as Related to Compliance Polypharmacy Medicare Part D Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources 34. Introduction and Future of Biopharmaceuticals Introduction Biopharmaceuticals Process of FDA Approval Genetic Engineering Stem cell Research The Political Climate Summary Chapter Review Questions Critical Thinking Questions Web Challenge References and Resources Appendices Appendix A: Top 200 Drugs Appendix B: Over-the-Counter Product Guide Appendix C: Advanced Career Path Options Appendix D: Professional Resources Appendix E: Referencing Appendix F: Practice Certification Exam Practice Certification Exam I Practice Certification Exam II Practice Certification Exam III Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB0146887X
• ISBN:
  • 9780132283090
• LCCN: 2008013594
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Upper Saddle River, N.J.
• ページ数/冊数: xxiii, 788 p.
• 大きさ: 28 cm.
• 付属資料: 1 CD-ROM (4 3/4 in.)
• 分類:
  • LCC : RS122.95
  • NLM : 2008 K-555
  • NLM : QV 704
  • DC22 : 615/.1023
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Pharmacy technicians
  • LCSH : Pharmacy
  • MESH : Pharmacy
  • MESH : Pharmaceutical Preparations
  • MESH : Pharmacists' Aides
  • MESH : Technology, Pharmaceutical