Behavior of marine fishes : capture processes and conservation challenges

著者

    • He, Pingguo

書誌事項

Behavior of marine fishes : capture processes and conservation challenges

editor Pingguo He

Wiley-Blackwell, 2010

大学図書館所蔵 件 / 全7件

この図書・雑誌をさがす

注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

BEHAVIOR OF MARINE FISHES BEHAVIOR OF MARINE FISHES: Capture Processes and Conservation Challenges Understanding fish behavior in relation to capture processes in marine fisheries is of fundamental importance to reducing bycatch and discards, and to enhancing marine fisheries conservation efforts. A thorough understanding of this allows commercial fishers to more effectively capture target species while reducing the catch of unwanted species. Behavior of Marine Fishes: Capture Processes and Conservation Challenges provides the reader with principles, patterns, and characteristics on fish behavior and fish capture processes using several types of important commercial fishing gears. The book also highlights conservation challenges facing the marine capture fisheries in efforts to maintain sustainable use of marine resources and to reduce negative impacts to the marine ecosystem. This volume, with contributions from leading applied fish behaviorists and fishing gear technologists from around the world, will be a valuable reference for researchers, fishing gear technologists, fisheries managers, students, and conservationists. SPECIAL FEATURES: Synthesis of current research and valuable knowledge that will help reduce bycatch and discards in commercial fisheries Review of basic fish behavioral principles and patterns and their relation to capture methods and conservation efforts Contributions from leading international applied fish behaviorists and fishing gear technologists

目次

Contributors ix Preface xi Clement S. Wardle Introduction xiii Pingguo He Part One: Locomotion and Sensory Capabilities in Marine Fish 3 Chapter 1 Swimming in Marine Fish 5 John J. Videler and Pingguo He 1.1 Introduction 5 1.2 The Swimming Apparatus 5 1.3 Swimming-Related Adaptations 8 1.4 Styles of Swimming 12 1.5 Interactions between Fish and Water: Fish Wakes 13 1.6 Energy Required for Swimming 14 1.7 Swimming Speeds and Endurance 18 1.8 Concluding Remarks 19 Chapter 2 Fish Vision and Its Role in Fish Capture 25 Takafumi Arimoto, Christopher W. Glass, and Xiumei Zhang 2.1 Introduction 25 2.2 Structure of the Fish Eye 25 2.3 Visual Function 27 2.4 Visual Capacity: Visual Acuity, Separable Angle, and Maximum Sighting Distance 32 2.5 Color and Appearance of Fishing Gear Underwater 35 2.6 Fish Vision and Its Application in Fish Capture 36 2.7 Concluding Remarks 40 Chapter 3 Hearing in Marine Fish and Its Application in Fisheries 45 Hong Young Yan, Kazuhiko Anraku, and Ricardo P. Babaran 3.1 Introduction 45 3.2 Properties of Underwater Sound and Vibration 45 3.3 Underwater Sound Sources and Their Characteristics 47 3.4 General Morphology and Functions of Inner Ears and Ancillary Structures 48 3.5 Responses of Fish to Sound and Its Application in Fisheries 53 3.6 Concluding Remarks 60 Part Two: Fish Behavior near Fishing Gears during Capture Processes 65 Chapter 4 Fish Behavior near Bottom Trawls 67 Paul D. Winger, Steve Eayrs, and Christopher W. Glass 4.1 Introduction 67 4.2 Trawl Gear and Trawl Fisheries 67 4.3 Fish Behavior in the Pretrawl Zone (Zone 1) 69 4.4 Fi sh Behavior between Trawl Doors and in the Net Mouth (Zone 2) 75 4.5 Fish Behavior inside the Trawl Net and the Codend (Zone 3) 82 4.6 Factors Infl uencing Fish Behavior near Trawls 89 4.7 Concluding Remarks 95 Chapter 5 Fish Behavior in Relation to Longlines 105 Svein Lokkeborg, Anders Fernoe, and Odd-Borre Humborstad 5.1 Introduction 105 5.2 Worldwide Longline Fisheries 106 5.3 Description of the Gear 108 5.4 Chemoreception and Food Search-The Basis for Bait Fishing 110 5.5 Interactions between the Fish and the Longline Gear 114 5.6 Conservation Challenges and Potential Solutions 123 5.7 Concluding Remarks 130 5.8 Future Challenges 132 Chapter 6 Fish Pots: Fish Behavior, Capture Processes, and Conservation Issues 143 Bjarti Thomsen, Odd-Borre Humborstad, and Dag M. Furevik 6.1 Introduction 143 6.2 Worldwide Use of Fish Pots 143 6.3 Fish Behavior in Relation to Pots 146 6.4 Conservation Challenges and Solutions 150 6.5 Concluding Remarks 154 Chapter 7 Large-scale Fish Traps: Gear Design, Fish Behavior, and Conservation Challenges 159 Pingguo He and Yoshihiro Inoue 7.1 Introduction 159 7.2 Trap Fisheries and Trap Designs 159 7.3 Fish Behavior in and around Traps 165 7.4 Fish Behavior and Trap Designs 170 7.5 Size and Species Selectivity and Mortality of Escapees and Discards 172 7.6 Conservation Issues and Mitigation Measures in Trap Fisheries 174 7.7 Concluding Remarks 178 Chapter 8 Fish Behavior near Gillnets: Capture Processes, and Influencing Factors 183 Pingguo He and Michael Pol 8.1 Introduction 183 8.2 Capture Mechanisms, Gear Designs, and Fishing Efficiency 184 8.3 Size Selectivity of Gillnets 187 8.4 Fish Behavior and Gillnet Fishing 189 8.5 Measures to Reduce Bycatch and Discards in Gillnets 192 8.6 Interaction of Marine Mammals, Seabirds, and Sea Turtles with Gillnets 195 8.7 Derelict Gillnets: Ghost Fishing Problems and Solutions 197 8.8 Concluding Remarks 198 Chapter 9 Electric Senses of Fish and Their Application in Marine Fisheries 205 Hans Polet 9.1 Introduction 205 9.2 Properties of an Electric Field in Water 206 9.3 The Electric Field 209 9.4 Application in Marine Fisheries 219 9.5 Conservation Issues 228 9.6 Concluding Remarks 231 Part Three: Contemporary Issues in Capture and Conservation in Marine Fisheries 237 Chapter 10 Technical Measures to Reduce Bycatch and Discards in Trawl Fisheries 239 Norman Graham 10.1 Introduction 239 10.2 Bycatch and Discard in World Fisheries 240 10.3 Cause of Bycatch and Discard 242 10.4 Technical Measures to Reduce Bycatch and Discard 242 10.5 Implementation of Discard Reduction Measures in Trawl Fisheries 257 10.6 Discussion 258 10.7 Concluding Remarks 259 Chapter 11 Mortality of Animals that Escape Fishing Gears or Are Discarded after Capture: Approaches to Reduce Mortality 265 Petri Suuronen and Daniel L. Erickson 11.1 Introduction 265 11.2 Mortality of Discards and Escapees 266 11.3 Assessment of Mortality 269 11.4 Factors Causing Stress, Injury, and Mortality 276 11.5 Measures to Improve Survival 283 11.6 Concluding Remarks 286 Chapter 12 Effect of Trawling on the Seabed and Mitigation Measures to Reduce Impact 295 Pingguo He and Paul D. Winger 12.1 Introduction 295 12.2 Review of Recent Studies on the Seabed Impact of Trawling 295 12.3 Description of Trawls and Their Operation 296 12.4 Pelagic and Semipelagic Trawls 299 12.5 Groundgear Modifi cations 301 12.6 Trawl Door Considerations 305 12.7 Other Trawl Gear Components 306 12.8 Beam Trawls 309 12.9 Concluding Remarks 310 Chapter 13 Measures to Reduce Interactions of Marine Megafauna with Fishing Operations 315 Dominic Rihan 13.1 Introduction 315 13.2 Species and Fisheries Involved 316 13.3 Extent of Bycatch 318 13.4 Nature of the Problem 320 13.5 Regulatory Frameworks 321 13.6 Potential Mitigation Measures 325 13.7 Concluding Remarks 337 Appendix Species Names Mentioned in the Text 343 Index 347

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