CiNii Books - The American nation : a history of the United States

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The American nation : a history of the United States

Mark C. Carnes, John A. Garraty

Pearson/Longman, c2008

13th ed

: Complete ed

Available at / 2 libraries

Doshisha University Library (Imadegawa)

: Complete ed253||C9412109105239

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Ritsumeikan University Main Library

: Complete ed12002036871

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

The political history of the United States is intimately tied with its social, economic and cultural development. Co-authors Mark Carnes and John Garraty explore this relationship and show how it took the voices and actions of many peoples to produce this singular political structure - The United States of America. Long renowned for its elegant narrative style, The American Nation in this Thirteenth Edition retains its most significant strength-its rich and memorable prose.

Table of Contents

Maps and Graphs Features American Lives Re-Viewing the Past Mapping the Past Debating the Past Preface About the Authors PROLOGUE Beginnings First Peoples The Demise of the Big Mammals The Archaic Period: A World Without Big Mammals The First Sedentary Communities The Maize Revolution The Diffusion of Corn Population Growth After 800 Cahokia: The Hub of Mississippian Culture The Collapse of Urban Centers Eurasia and Africa Europe in Ferment DEBATING THE PAST Who-or What-Killed the Big Mammals? Mapping the Past Debate over the Earliest Route to the Americas Chapter 1 Alien Encounters: Europe in the Americas Sightings Columbus's Great Triumph-and Error Spain's American Empire Extending Spain's Empire to the North Disease and Population Losses Ecological Imperialism Spain's European Rivals The Protestant Reformation English Beginnings in America The Settlement of Virginia "Purifying" the Church of England Bradford and Plymouth Colony Winthrop and Massachusetts Bay Colony Troublemakers: Roger Williams and Anne Hutchinson Other New England Colonies French and Dutch Settlements Maryland and the Carolinas The Middle Colonies Cultural Collisions Cultural Fusions DEBATING THE PAST How Many Indians Perished with European Settlement? American Lives Tisquantum Chapter 2 American Society in the Making Settlement of New France Society in New Mexico, Texas, and California The English Prevail on the Atlantic Seaboard The Chesapeake Colonies The Lure of Land "Solving" the Labor Shortage: Slavery Prosperity in a Pipe: Tobacco Bacon's Rebellion The Carolinas Home and Family in the South Georgia and the Back Country Puritan New England The Puritan Family Visible Puritan Saints and Others Democracies Without Democrats The Dominion of New England Salem Bewitched Higher Education in New England A Merchant's World The Middle Colonies: Economic Basis The Middle Colonies: An Intermingling of Peoples "The Best Poor Man's Country" The Politics of Diversity Becoming Americans Re-Viewing the Past The Crucible DEBATING THE PAST Were Puritan Communities Peaceable? Chapter 3 Americain the British Empire The British Colonial System Mercantilism The Navigation Acts The Effects of Mercantilism The Great Awakening The Rise and Fall of Jonathan Edwards The Enlightenment in America Colonial Scientific Achievements Repercussions of Distant Wars The Great War for the Empire Britain Victorious: The Peace of Paris Burdens of an Expanded Empire Tightening Imperial Controls The Sugar Act American Colonists Demand Rights The Stamp Act: The Pot Set to Boiling Rioters or Rebels? Taxation or Tyranny? The Declaratory Act The Townshend Duties The Boston Massacre The Pot Spills Over The Tea Act Crisis From Resistance to Revolution American Lives Eunice Williams/Gannenstenhawi DEBATING THE PAST Do Artists Depict Historical Subjects Accurately? Chapter 4 The American Revolution "The Shot Heard Round the World" The Second Continental Congress The Battle of Bunker Hill The Great Declaration 1776: The Balance of Forces Loyalists The British Take New York City Saratoga and the French Alliance The War Moves South Victory at Yorktown Negotiating a Favorable Peace National Government Under the Articles of Confederation Financing the War State Republican Governments Social Reform Effects of the Revolution on Women Growth of a National Spirit The Great Land Ordinances National Heroes A National Culture Re-Viewing the Past The Patriot DEBATING THE PAST Was the American Revolution Rooted in Class Struggle? Chapter 5 The Federalist Era: Nationalism Triumphant Inadequacies of the Articles of Confederation Daniel Shays's "Little Rebellion" To Philadelphia, and the Constitution The Great Convention The Compromises That Produced the Constitution Ratifying the Constitution Washington as President Congress Under Way Hamilton and Financial Reform The Ohio Country: A Dark and Bloody Ground Revolution in France Federalists and Republicans: The Rise of Political Parties 1794: Crisis and Resolution Jay's Treaty 1795: All's Well That Ends Well Washington's Farewell The Election of 1796 The XYZ Affair The Alien and Sedition Acts The Kentucky and Virginia Resolves Mapping the Past Depicting History with Maps DEBATING THE PAST What Ideas Shaped the Constitution? Chapter 6 Jeffersonian Democracy Jefferson Elected President The Federalist Contribution Thomas Jefferson: Political Theorist Jefferson as President Jefferson's Attack on the Judiciary The Barbary Pirates The Louisiana Purchase The Federalists Discredited Lewis and Clark The Burr Conspiracy Napoleon and the British The Impressment Controversy The Embargo Act Jeffersonian Democracy Mapping the Past A Water Route to the Pacific? DEBATING THE PAST Did Thomas Jefferson Father a Child by His Slave? Chapter 7 National Growing Pains Madison in Power Tecumseh and Indian Resistance Depression and Land Hunger Opponents of War The War of 1812 Britain Assumes the Offensive "The Star Spangled Banner" The Treaty of Ghent The Hartford Convention The Battle of New Orleans Victory Weakens the Federalists Anglo-American Rapprochement The Transcontinental Treaty The Monroe Doctrine The Era of Good Feelings New Sectional Issues New Leaders The Missouri Compromise The Election of 1824 John Quincy Adams as President Calhoun's Exposition and Protest The Meaning of Sectionalism Mapping the Past North-South Sectionalism Intensifies DEBATING THE PAST How Did Indians and Settlers Interact? Chapter 8 Toward a National Economy Gentility and the Consumer Revolution Birth of the Factory An Industrial Proletariat? Lowell's Waltham System: Women as Factory Workers Irish and German Immigrants The Persistence of the Household System Rise of Corporations Cotton Revolutionizes the South Revival of Slavery Roads to Market Transportation and the Government Development of Steamboats The Canal Boom New York City: Emporium of the Western World The Marshall Court Mapping the Past The Making of the Working Class DEBATING THE PAST Did a "Market Revolution" Transform Early Nineteenth-Century America? Chapter 9 Jacksonian Democracy "Democratizing" Politics 1828: The New Party System in Embryo The Jacksonian Appeal The Spoils System President of All the People Sectional Tensions Revived Jackson: "The Bank . . . I Will Kill It!" Jackson's Bank Veto Jackson Versus Calhoun Indian Removals The Nullification Crisis Boom and Bust Jacksonianism Abroad The Jacksonians Rise of the Whigs Martin Van Buren: Jacksonianism Without Jackson The Log Cabin Campaign American Lives Horace Greeley DEBATING THE PAST For Whom Did Jackson Fight? Chapter 10 The Making of Middle-Class America Tocqueville: Democracy in America The Family Recast The Second Great Awakening The Era of Associations Backwoods Utopias The Age of Reform "Demon Rum" The Abolitionist Crusade Women's Rights The Romantic View of Life Emerson and Thoreau Edgar Allan Poe Nathaniel Hawthorne Herman Melville Walt Whitman Reading and the Dissemination of Culture Education for Democracy The State of the Colleges Mapping the Past Small Families in the Northeast, Large Families in the Frontier DEBATING THE PAST Did the Antebellum Reform Movement Improve Society? Chapter 11 Westward Expansion Tyler's Troubles The Webster-Ashburton Treaty The Texas Question Manifest Destiny Life on the Trail California and Oregon The Election of 1844 Polk as President War with Mexico To the Halls of Montezuma The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo The Fruits of Victory: Further Enlargement of the United States Slavery: Storm Clouds Gather The Election of 1848 The Gold Rush The Compromise of 1850 Mapping the Past The Political Geography of Slavery DEBATING THE PAST Did the Frontier Change Women's Roles? Chapter 12 The Sections Go Their Ways The South The Economics of Slavery Antebellum Plantation Life The Sociology of Slavery Psychological Effects of Slavery Manufacturing in the South The Northern Industrial Juggernaut A Nation of Immigrants How Wage Earners Lived Progress and Poverty Foreign Commerce Steam Conquers the Atlantic Canals and Railroads Financing the Railroads Railroads and the Economy Railroads and the Sectional Conflict The Economy on the Eve of Civil War American Lives Sojourner Truth DEBATING THE PAST Did Slaves and Masters Form Emotional Bonds? Chapter 13 The Coming of the Civil War The Slave Power Comes North Uncle Tom's Cabin Diversions Abroad: The "Young America" Movement Stephen Douglas: "The Little Giant" The Kansas-Nebraska Act Know-Nothings, Republicans, and the Demise of the Two-Party System "Bleeding Kansas" Senator Sumner Becomes a Martyr for Abolitionism Buchanan Tries His Hand The Dred Scott Decision The Proslavery Lecompton Constitution The Emergence of Lincoln The Lincoln-Douglas Debates John Brown's Raid The Election of 1860 The Secession Crisis Mapping the Past Runaway Slaves: Hard Realities DEBATING THE PAST Was the Civil War Avoidable? Chapter 14 The War to Save the Union Lincoln's Cabinet Fort Sumter: The First Shot The Blue and the Gray The Test of Battle: Bull Run Paying for the War Politics as Usual Behind Confederate Lines War in the West: Shiloh McClellan: The Reluctant Warrior Lee Counterattacks: Antietam The Emancipation Proclamation The Draft Riots The Emancipated People African American Soldiers Antietam to Gettysburg Lincoln Finds His General: Grant at Vicksburg Economic and Social Effects, North and South Women in Wartime Grant in the Wilderness Sherman in Georgia To Appomattox Court House Winners, Losers, and the Future Re-Viewing the Past Glory Re-Viewing the Past Cold Mountain DEBATING THE PAST Why Did the South Lose the Civil War? Chapter 15 Reconstruction and the South The Assassination of Lincoln Presidential Reconstruction Republican Radicals Congress Rejects Johnsonian Reconstruction The Fourteenth Amendment The Reconstruction Acts Congress Supreme The Fifteenth Amendment "Black Republican" Reconstruction: Scalawags and Carpetbaggers The Ravaged Land Sharecropping and the Crop-Lien System The White Backlash Grant as President The Disputed Election of 1876 The Compromise of 1877 Mapping the Past The Politics of Reconstruction DEBATING THE PAST Were Reconstruction Governments Corrupt? Chapter 16 The Conquest of the West The West After the Civil War The Plains Indians Indian Wars The Destruction of Tribal Life The Lure of Gold and Silver in the West Big Business and the Land Bonanza Western Railroad Building The Cattle Kingdom Open-Range Ranching Barbed-Wire Warfare American Lives Nat Love DEBATING THE PAST Was the Frontier Exceptionally Violent? Chapter 17 An Industrial Giant Essentials of Industrial Growth Railroads: The First Big Business Iron, Oil, and Electricity Competition and Monopoly: The Railroads Competition and Monopoly: Steel Competition and Monopoly: Oil Competition and Monopoly: Retailing and Utilities American Ambivalence to Big Business Reformers: George, Bellamy, Lloyd Reformers: The Marxists The Government Reacts to Big Business: Railroad Regulation The Government Reacts to Big Business: The Sherman Antitrust Act The Labor Union Movement The American Federation of Labor Labor Militancy Rebuffed Whither America, Whither Democracy? Mapping the Past Were the Railroads Indispensable to Economic Growth? DEBATING THE PAST Were the Industrialists "Robber Barons" or Savvy Entrepreneurs? Chapter 18 American Society in the Industrial Age Middle-Class Life Skilled and Unskilled Workers Working Women Farmers Working-Class Family Life Working-Class Attitudes Working Your Way Up The "New" Immigration New Immigrants Face New Nativism The Expanding City and Its Problems Teeming Tenements The Cities Modernize Leisure Activities: More Fun and Games Christianity's Conscience and the Social Gospel The Settlement Houses Civilization and Its Discontents Mapping the Past Cholera: A New Disease Strikes the Nation DEBATING THE PAST Did Immigrants Assimilate? Chapter 19 Intellectual and Cultural Trends Colleges and Universities Revolution in the Social Sciences Progressive Education Law and History Realism in Literature Mark Twain William Dean Howells Henry James Realism in Art The Pragmatic Approach The Knowledge Revolution Re-Viewing the Past Titanic DEBATING THE PAST Did the Frontier Engender Individualism and Democracy? Chapter 20 Politics: Local, State, and National Congress Ascendant Recurrent Issues Party Politics: Sidestepping the Issues Lackluster Presidents: From Hayes to Harrison Blacks in the South After Reconstruction Booker T. Washington: A "Reasonable" Champion for Blacks City Bosses Crops and Complaints The Populist Movement Showdown on Silver The Depression of 1893 The Election of 1896 The Meaning of the Election Mapping the Past The Election of 1896 DEBATING THE PAST Were City Governments Corrupt and Incompetent? Chapter 21 The Age of Reform Roots of Progressivism The Muckrakers The Progressive Mind "Radical" Progressives: The Wave of the Future Political Reform: Cities First Political Reform: The States State Social Legislation Political Reform: The Woman Suffrage Movement Political Reform: Income Taxes and Popular Election of Senators Theodore Roosevelt: Cowboy in the White House Roosevelt and Big Business Roosevelt and the Coal Strike TR's Triumphs Roosevelt Tilts Left William Howard Taft: The Listless Progressive, or More Is Less Breakup of the Republican Party The Election of 1912 Wilson: The New Freedom The Progressives and Minority Rights Black Militancy American Lives Emma Goldman DEBATING THE PAST Were the Progressives Forward-Looking? Chapter 22 From Isolation to Empire Isolation or Imperialism? Origins of the Large Policy: Coveting Colonies Toward an Empire in the Pacific Toward an Empire in Latin America The Cuban Revolution The "Splendid Little" Spanish-American War Developing a Colonial Policy The Anti-Imperialists The Philippine Insurrection Cuba and the United States The United States in the Caribbean and Central America The Open Door Policy The Panama Canal Imperialism Without Colonies American Lives Frederick Funston DEBATING THE PAST Did the United States Acquire an Overseas Empire for Economic Reasons? Chapter 23 Woodrow Wilson and the Great War Wilson's "Moral" Diplomacy Europe Explodes in War Freedom of the Seas The Election of 1916 The Road to War Mobilizing the Economy Workers in Wartime Paying for the War Propaganda and Civil Liberties Wartime Reforms Women and Blacks in Wartime Americans: To the Trenches and Over the Top Preparing for Peace The Paris Peace Conference and the Versailles Treaty The Senate Rejects the League of Nations Demobilization The Red Scare The Election of 1920 American Lives Harry S Truman DEBATING THE PAST Did a Stroke Sway Wilson's Judgment? Chapter 24 Postwar Society and Culture: Change and Adjustment Closing the Gates to New Immigrants New Urban Social Patterns The Younger Generation The "New" Woman Popular Culture: Movies and Radio The Golden Age of Sports Urban-Rural Conflicts: Fundamentalism Urban-Rural Conflicts: Prohibition The Ku Klux Klan Sacco and Vanzetti Literary Trends The "New Negro" Economic Expansion The Age of the Consumer Henry Ford The Airplane Re-Viewing the Past Chicago DEBATING THE PAST Was the Decade of the 1920s One of Self-Absorption? Chapter 25 The New Era: 1921-1933 Harding and "Normalcy" "The Business of the United States Is Business" The Harding Scandals Coolidge Prosperity Peace Without a Sword The Peace Movement The Good Neighbor Policy The Totalitarian Challenge War Debts and Reparations The Election of 1928 Economic Problems The Stock Market Crash of 1929 Hoover and the Depression The Economy Hits Bottom The Depression and Its Victims The Election of 1932 Mapping the Past FDR's Political Revolution DEBATING THE PAST What Caused the Great Depression? Chapter 26 The New Deal: 1933-1941 The Hundred Days The National Recovery Administration (NRA) The Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) The Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) The New Deal Spirit The Unemployed Literature in the Depression Three Extremists: Long, Coughlin, and Townsend The Second New Deal The Election of 1936 Roosevelt Tries to Undermine the Supreme Court The New Deal Winds Down Significance of the New Deal Women as New Dealers: The Network Blacks During the New Deal A New Deal for Indians The Role of Roosevelt The Triumph of Isolationism War Again in Europe A Third Term for FDR The Undeclared War Re-Viewing the Past Cinderella Man DEBATING THE PAST Did the New Deal succeed? Chapter 28 War and Peace The Road to Pearl Harbor Mobilizing the Home Front The War Economy War and Social Change Minorities in Time of War: Blacks, Hispanics, and Indians The Treatment of German and Italian Americans Internment of the Japanese Women's Contribution to the War Effort Allied Strategy: Europe First Germany Overwhelmed The Naval War in the Pacific Island Hopping Building the Atom Bomb Wartime Diplomacy Allied Suspicion of Stalin Yalta and Potsdam Re-Viewing the Past Saving Private Ryan DEBATING THE PAST Should the United States Have Used Atomic Bombs Against Japan? Chapter 28 The American Century Truman Becomes President The Postwar Economy The Containment Policy The Atom Bomb: A "Winning" Weapon? A Turning Point in Greece The Marshall Plan and the Lesson of History Dealing with Japan and China The Election of 1948 Containing Communism Abroad Hot War in Korea The Communist Issue at Home McCarthyism Dwight D. Eisenhower The Eisenhower-Dulles Foreign Policy McCarthy Self-Destructs Asian Policy After Korea Israel and the Middle East Eisenhower and Khrushchev Latin America Aroused The Politics of Civil Rights The Election of 1960 Re-Viewing the Past Good Night, and Good Luck DEBATING THE PAST Did Truman Needlessly Exacerbate Relations with the Soviet Union? Chapter 29 From Camelot to Watergate Kennedy in Camelot The Cuban Crises The Vietnam War "We Shall Overcome": The Civil Rights Movement Tragedy in Dallas: JFK Assassinated Lyndon Baines Johnson The Great Society Johnson Escalates the War Opposition to the War The Election of 1968 Nixon as President: "Vietnamizing" the War The Cambodian "Incursion" Detente with Communism Nixon in Triumph Domestic Policy Under Nixon The Watergate Break-in More Troubles for Nixon The Judgment on Watergate: "Expletive Deleted" The Meaning of Watergate Mapping the Past School Segregation After the Brown Decision DEBATING THE PAST Would JFK Have Sent a Half-Million American Troops to Vietnam? Chapter 30 Society in Flux A Society on the Move The Advent of Television At Home and Work The Growing Middle Class Religion in Changing Times Literature and Art The Perils of Progress New Racial Turmoil Native-Born Ethnics Rethinking Public Education Students in Revolt The Counterculture The Sexual Revolution Women's Liberation Mapping the Past Roe v.Wade (1978) and the Abortion Controversy DEBATING THE PAST Did Mass Culture Make Life Shallow? Chapter 31 Running on Empty: The Nation Transformed The Oil Crisis Ford as President The Fall of South Vietnam Ford Versus Carter The Carter Presidency A National Malaise Stagflation: The Weird Economy Families Under Stress: Defeat of the Equal Rights Amendment Cold War or Detente? The Iran Crisis: Origins The Iran Crisis: Carter's Dilemma The Election of 1980 Reagan as President Four More Years "The Reagan Revolution" Change and Uncertainty AIDS The New Merger Movement "A Job for Life": Layoffs Hit Home A "Bipolar" Economy, a Fractured Society The Iran-Contra Arms Deal American Lives Bill Gates DEBATING THE PAST Did Reagan end the Cold War? Chapter 32 Misdemeanors and High Crimes The Election of 1988 Crime and Punishment "Crack" and Urban Gangs George H. W. Bush as President The Collapse of Communism in Eastern Europe The War in the Persian Gulf The Deficit Worsens Looting the Savings and Loans Whitewater and the Clintons The Election of 1992 A New Start: Clinton Emergence of the Republican Majority The Election of 1996 A Racial Divide Violence and Popular Culture Clinton Impeached Clinton's Legacy The Economic Boom and the Internet The 2000 Election: George W. Bush Wins by One Vote Terrorism Intensifies September 11, 2001 America Fights Back: War in Afghanistan The Second Iraq War The Election of 2004 The Imponderable Future Mapping the Past Twenty Years of Terrorism DEBATING THE PAST Do Historians Ever Get it Right? Appendix The Declaration of Independence The Articles of Confederation The Constitution of the United States of America Amendments to the Constitution Presidential Elections, 1789-2004 Glossary Picture Credits Index

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