Environmental investigation and remediation : 1,4-dioxane and other solvent stabilizers

著者

書誌事項

Environmental investigation and remediation : 1,4-dioxane and other solvent stabilizers

Thomas K.G. Mohr ; with chapters by Julie A. Stickney and William H. DiGuiseppi

CRC Press/Taylor & Francis, c2010

  • : hbk

タイトル別名

1,4dioxane and other solvent stabilizers

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注記

"A CRC title."

Includes bibliographical references and index

HTTP:URL=http://www.crcnetbase.com/doi/book/10.1201/EBK1566706629

HTTP:URL=http://www.the14dioxanebook.com/

内容説明・目次

内容説明

A ubiquitous, largely overlooked groundwater contaminant, 1,4-dioxane escaped notice by almost everyone until the late 1990s. While some dismissed 1,4-dioxane because it was not regulated, others were concerned and required testing and remediation at sites they oversaw. Drawing years of 1,4-dioxane research into a convenient resource, Environmental Investigation and Remediation: 1,4-Dioxane and other Solvent Stabilizers profiles the nature of 1,4-dioxane and several dozen other solvent stabilizer compounds. The author takes an approach he calls "contaminant archeology", i.e., reviewing the history of the contaminating chemical's use in the industrial workplace at the site of release and how those uses impart chemical characteristics to the waste that affects its fate and transport properties. The book examines the uses, environmental fate, laboratory analysis, toxicology, risk assessment, and treatment of 1,4-dioxane in extensive detail. It provides case studies that document the contaminant migration, regulation, treatment, and legal aspects of 1,4-dioxane releases. It also describes the controversy over interpretation of 1,4-dioxane's toxicology and associated risk, as well as the corresponding disparity in states' regulation of 1,4-dioxane. A final chapter examines the policy implications of emerging contaminants like 1,4-dioxane, with discussion of opportunities to improve the regulatory and remedial response to this persistent contaminant in the face of toxicological uncertainty. Mobility, persistence, and treatment challenges combine to make 1,4-dioxane a particularly vexing contaminant. It is more mobile than any other contaminant you are likely to find at solvent release sites. Filled with case studies, equations, tables, figures, and citations, the book supplies a wide range of information on 1,4-dioxane. It then provides passive and active remediation strategies and treatment technologies for 1,4-dioxane in groundwater and provides you with the technical resources to help you decide which are appropriate for your site. For more information about Thomase Mohr and his book, go to http://www.The14DioxaneBook.com

目次

Historical Use of Chlorinated Solvents and Their Stabilizing Compounds History of Chlorinated Solvents Role of Solvent Stabilizers Acknowledgments Bibliography 1,4-Dioxane: Chemistry, Uses, and Occurrence Chemistry of 1,4-Dioxane History of 1,4-Dioxane Production Direct Uses of 1,4-Dioxane 1,4-Dioxane as a By-Product of Manufacturing 1,4-Dioxane in Food Detections of 1,4-Dioxane in Ambient Surface Water, Groundwater, and Air Estimated Releases of 1,4-Dioxane to the Environment Environmental Fate and Transport of Solvent-Stabilizer Compounds Fate and Transport Processes Surface-Water Fate and Transport Processes Subsurface Fate and Transport Processes Laboratory, Field, and Modeling Studies of 1,4-Dioxane Mobility Diffusive Transport of 1,4-Dioxane and Storage in Fine-Grained Soils Bibliography Sampling and Laboratory Analysis for Solvent Stabilizers The Flawed Paradigm of Analyte Lists Sample Collection, Preservation, and Handling for Analysis of 1,4-Dioxane Sample Preparation Laboratory Methods for the Analysis of 1,4-Dioxane by GC-MS Environmental Protection Agency Methods for Analysis of 1,4-Dioxane Laboratory Safety for 1,4-Dioxane Handling and Instrument Cleaning Acknowledgments Bibliography The Toxicology of 1,4-Dioxane Toxicokinetics Toxicity Studies in Humans Toxicology Studies in Laboratory Animals Summary of Noncancer Health Effects Characterization of Cancer Potential Acknowledgments Bibliography Regulation and Risk Assessment of 1,4-Dioxane Drinking Water Regulations for 1,4-Dioxane Water Quality Regulations: Protection of Ecological Receptors Air Quality Regulations: Occupational Health and Safety and Ambient Air Quality Regulating 1,4-Dioxane in Food, Pharmaceuticals, Cosmetics, and Sundries Risk Assessments of 1,4-Dioxane Acknowledgment Bibliography Remediation Technologies Vapor-Phase Transfer Sorption Natural Attenuation Ultraviolet Photolysis Phytoremediation Bioremediation Chemical Oxidation Bibliography Case Studies of 1,4-Dioxane Releases, Treatment, and Drinking Water Contamination Superfund Site at Seymour, Indiana Solvent Services Site, San Jose, California Pall/Gelman Sciences Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan Former American Beryllium Company, Tallevast, Florida Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Groundwater Cleanup Sites 1,4-Dioxane and Orange County Water District (OWCD)'s Groundwater Replenishment System Air Force Plant 44, Tucson, Arizona Acknowledgments Bibliography Forensic Applications for 1,4-Dioxane and Solvent Stabilizers Leveraging 1,4-Dioxane Data for Plume Analysis and Source Apportionment Ratio Analysis Solvent Stabilizers as Age Markers Solvent Stabilizers as Markers of Solvent Applications Bibliography Regulatory Policy Implications of 1,4-Dioxane Applying the Precautionary Principle to Regulation of 1,4-Dioxane and Emerging Contaminants in Drinking Water Updating the toxicological basis for 1,4-dioxane regulation Regulatory Policy on 1,4-Dioxane Remediation at Cleanup Sites Blindsided Again? The promise of Green Chemistry Should 1,4-dioxane be banned? Regulatory Policy Recommendations for Addressing 1,4-Dioxane Releases Acknowledgments Bibliography Appendix 1: Synopses of Selected Patents from the Art of Solvent Stabilization Appendix 2: Fate and Transport Properties of Solvent-Stabilizer Compounds Appendix 3: Compilation of Instrumental Parameters in Literature Studies of 1,4-Dioxane Analyses of Various Media Index

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