World prehistory and archaeology : pathways through time

著者

    • Chazan, Michael

書誌事項

World prehistory and archaeology : pathways through time

Michael Chazan

Prentice Hall, c2011

2nd ed., student ed

大学図書館所蔵 件 / 全1件

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注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 407-424) and indexes

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Have you seen World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways through Time yet? World Prehistory and Archaeology: Pathways through Time integrates world prehistory with a discussion of archaeological methods and techniques--emphasizing the relevance of how we know what we know about our human prehistory. It provides the tools to allow for a lifelong engagement with archaeology, and draws students into the process of archaeological research and discovery. The author, Michael Chazan, brings students to the cutting edge of archaeological research by presenting the most recent discoveries and theoretical perspectives. For how we know the past is inseparable fromwhat we know of the past. His text allows students to see that archaeology is a dynamic field in which knowledge is continually refined through scientific inquiry--while providing a sense of the relevance of archaeology in the contemporary world. The cornerstone of this book presents an integrated picture of prehistory as an active process of discovery--where methodological issues are not relegated to the opening chapters alone. While the introduction to archaeological methods in the first two chapters is necessary, the questions of how we know the past are not abandoned at that point. In fact, a number of key features--found within every chapter--have been especially developed for this text in order to draw together an integrated presentation of prehistory for students. So what are you waiting for? Contact your local publisher's representative today for YOUR review copy and see how World Prehistory and Archaeology will be able to draw YOUR students into the amazing world of archaeological reserach and discovery!

目次

BRIEF CONTENTS PART ONE: THE PAST IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY: GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE CHAPTER 1 GETTING STARTED IN ARCHAEOLOGY CHAPTER 2 PUTTING THE PICTURE TOGETHER PART TWO: HUMAN EVOLUTION CHAPTER 3 EARLY HOMININS CHAPTER 4 FROM Homo erectus TO NEANDERTHALS CHAPTER 5 THE ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS CHAPTER 6 THE PEOPLING OF AUSTRALIA AND THE NEW WORLD PART THREE: PERSPECTIVES ON AGRICULTURE CHAPTER 7 TOWERS, VILLAGES, AND LONGHOUSES CHAPTER 8 MOUNDS AND MAIZE CHAPTER 9 A FEAST OF DIVERSITY PART FOUR: THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOCIAL COMPLEXITY CHAPTER 10 COMPLEXITY WITHOUT THE STATE CHAPTER 11 CITIES AND PYRAMIDS: Early States of Mesopotamia and Egypt CHAPTER 12 ENIGMAS AND DIVERSITY: Early States in Europe and Asia CHAPTER 13 FROM CITY TO EMPIRE: Social Complexity in Mesoamerica CHAPTER 14 BRINGING THE FOUR PARTS TOGETHER: States and Empire in the Andes EPILOGUE BRINGING IT BACK HOME APPENDICES GLOSSARY REFERENCES FIGURE AND PHOTO CREDITS NAME INDEX SUBJECT INDEX FULL CONTENTS Preface About the Author PART ONE THE PAST IS A FOREIGN COUNTRY: GETTING FROM HERE TO THERE Introduction: Questions of Time and Ethics CHAPTER 1: GETTING STARTED IN ARCHAEOLOGY 1.1 Reading the Landscape Survey Design Geological Factors Recovery Methods and GIS 1.2 Excavation Horizontal Excavation Vertical Excavation Controlling Horizontal and Vertical Space Recovery Methods Recording Methods 1.3 Artifacts and Ecofacts FROM THE FIELD: The Author on His Fieldwork at Wonderwerk Cave, South Africa 1.4 Biases in Preservation 1.5 Quantification and Sampling Counting Bones Counting Artifacts TOOLBOX: Ethnoarchaeology 1.6 Creating a Chronology 1.7 Comparison TOOLBOX: Radiocarbon Dating 1.8 Conservation and Display ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Community Archaeology Chapter Summary Key Terms Review Questions CHAPTER 2: PUTTING THE PICTURE TOGETHER 2.1 Origins of Archaeology ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Thomas Jefferson, the Archaeologist 2.2 The Emergence of Archaeology Organizing Time The Establishment of Human Antiquity Imperial Archaeology 2.3 Developing Method and Theory Stratigraphic Method and Culture History V. Gordon Childe 2.4 Archaeology as Science Developing Scientific Methods The New Archaeology Systems Theory TOOLBOX: Faunal Analysis and Taphonomy 2.5 Alternative Perspectives Postprocessual Archaeology Gender and Agency TOOLBOX: Archaeoacoustics Evolutionary Archaeology 2.6 Archaeology at the Trowel's Edge FROM THE FIELD: Different Views of a Site, by Peter Robertshaw Summary Key Terms Review Questions PART TWO: HUMAN EVOLUTION Introduction: Our Place in Nature CHAPTER 3: EARLY HOMININS 3.1 The Fossil Record The Early Hominin Radiation 3.2 Setting the Scene The East African Rift Valley ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Fraud-Piltdown and Kama-takamori Lower Paleolithic FROM THE FIELD: Following the Footsteps of Our Ancestors, by Andrew Du TOOLBOX: Stone Tools 69 3.3 The Origin of Tool Use Tool Use by Animals The Archaeological Evidence 3.4 Hunting and Sharing Food Were They Hunters? TOOLBOX: Dating Early Hominin Sites Living Floors and Base Camps The Use of Fire 3.5 The Expansion of the Hominin World Ubeidiya and Dmanisi East Asia Summing Up the Evidence Summary 83 Key Terms Review Questions CHAPTER 4: FROM Homo erectus TO NEANDERTHALS 4.1 Defining the Ice Age 4.2 Before the Neanderthals The Initial Occupation of Western Europe The Acheulian Problem Beyond Stone Tools 4.3 Neanderthals Neanderthal Genetics Chronology and Ecology ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Religion and Evolution 4.4 Aspects of Neanderthal Culture and Adaptation Stone Tools TOOLBOX: Chaine Operatoire and the Levallois Method Hunting Site Organization and the Use of Fire Treatment of the Dead TOOLBOX: Geoarchaeology and Micromorphology FROM THE FIELD: A Paleoepiphany, by Lynne A. Schepartz Artwork Neanderthal Society Summary Key Terms Review Questions CHAPTER 5: THE ORIGIN OF MODERN HUMANS 5.1 What Is a Modern Human? 5.2 Early Modern Humans in Africa The African Middle Stone Age FROM THE FIELD: The Strange Case of the Grimaldi Figurines, by Michael S. Bisson Comparing the Middle Stone Age and the Middle Paleolithic 5.3 Early Modern Humans in the Middle East The Archaeological Record Chronology Assessing the Middle Eastern Pattern TOOLBOX: Luminescence Dating 5.4 The Arrival of Modern Humans in Europe and the Fate of the Neanderthals The Fossil Record ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Modern Human Origins and Questions of Race Genetic Evidence Archaeological Evidence The Last Neanderthals Summing Up the Evidence 5.5 The Upper Paleolithic Chronology Stone and Bone Tools Human Burials TOOLBOX: Use-Wear Analysis Artwork Site Structure Subsistence 5.6 Explaining the Upper Paleolithic Summary Key Terms Review Questions CHAPTER 6: THE PEOPLING OF AUSTRALIA AND THE NEW WORLD 6.1 Modern Humans in East Asia 6.2 Australia Dating the Earliest Human Occupation Megafauna Extinction Rock Art Voyaging On TOOLBOX: Experimental Archaeology 6.3 The New World Clovis First TOOLBOX: Radiocarbon Calibration Pre-Clovis Early Arrival Model ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Repatriation of Indigenous Burial Remains The Solutrean Hypothesis The Skeletal Evidence FROM THE FIELD: Mawlukhotepun-Working Together, by Susan Blair Clovis Adaptations and Megafauna Extinction Summary Key Terms Review Questions PART THREE: PERSPECTIVES ON AGRICULTURE Introduction: Definitions of Agriculture CHAPTER 7: TOWERS, VILLAGES, AND LONGHOUSES 7.1 Setting the Scene ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Political Borders and Archaeology 7.2 Stage 1: Kebaran and Geometric Kebaran Technology Settlements FROM THE FIELD: The Author on His Fieldwork at Wadi Mataha Domestication 7.3 Stage 2: The Natufian Technology Settlements Domestication 7.4 Stage 3: The Early Neolithic Technology Settlements Ritual TOOLBOX: Harris Matrix Domestication 7.5 Stage 4: Late Neolithic TOOLBOX: Paleoethnobotany Technology Settlement and Ritual Domestication 7.6 Assessing the Neolithic Revolution 7.7 The Spread of Agriculture to Europe Summing Up the Evidence Summary Key Terms Review Questions CHAPTER 8: MOUNDS AND MAIZE 8.1 Plant Domestication in Mesoamerica TOOLBOX: AMS Radiocarbon Dating 8.2 Maize Agriculture in the American Southwest The Formative Period Summing Up the Evidence TOOLBOX: Hand-Built Pottery 8.3 Eastern North America The Indigenous Domestication of Plants The Adena and Hopewell Intensification of Maize Agriculture ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Who Owns the Past? The People Behind the Transition Summing Up the Evidence FROM THE FIELD: "Towns They Have None:" In Search of New England's Mobile Farmers, by Elizabeth S. Chilton Summary Key Terms Review Questions CHAPTER 9: A FEAST OF DIVERSITY 9.1 Africa Villages of Hunter-Gatherers Pastoralists The First Farmers FROM THE FIELD: Ethiopian Farmers Yesterday and Today, by Catherine D'Andrea Summing Up the Evidence 9.2 New Guinea Clearing Forests and Draining Swamps TOOLBOX: Pollen, Phytoliths, and Starch Grains 9.3 The Andes 234 Domestication in the Andean Highlands Coastal Villages The Cotton Preceramic The Role of El Nino Summing Up the Evidence 9.4 East Asia 239 Early Pottery The First Farmers TOOLBOX: Residue Analysis The Development of Farming Societies Summing Up the Evidence ARCHAEOLOGY IN THE WORLD: Archaeology and the Environment 9.5 Questioning the Neolithic 243 Summary Key Terms Review Questions

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