Chemistry and analysis of radionuclides : laboratory techniques and methodology

著者

• Lehto, Jukka
• Hou, Xiaolin

書誌事項

Chemistry and analysis of radionuclides : laboratory techniques and methodology

Jukka Lehto and Xiaolin Hou

Wiley-VCH, c2011

注記

Includes index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Written by chemists for chemists, this is a comprehensive guide to the important radionuclides as well as techniques for their separation and analysis. It introduces readers to the important laboratory techniques and methodologies in the field, providing practical instructions on how to handle nuclear waste and radioactivity in the environment.

目次

Preface RADIONUCLIDES AND THEIR RADIOMETRIC MEASUREMENT Radionuclides Modes of Radioactive Decay Detection and Measurement of Radiation SPECIAL FEATURES OF THE CHEMISTRY OF RADIONUCLIDES AND THEIR SEPARATION Small Quantities Adsorption Use of Carriers Utilization of Radiation in the Determination of Radionuclides Consideration of Elapsed Time Changes in the System Caused by Radiation and Decay The Need for Radiochemical Separations FACTORS AFFECTING CHEMICAL FORMS OF RADIONUCLIDES IN AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS Solution pH Redox Potential Dissolved Gases Ligands Forming Complexes with Metals Humic Substances Colloidal Particles Source and Generation of Radionuclides Appendix: Reagents Used to Adjust Oxidation States of Radionuclides SEPARATION METHODS Precipitation Solubility Product Ion Exchange Solvent Extraction Extraction Chromatography YIELD DETERMINATIONS AND COUNTING SOURCE PREPARATION The Determination of Chemical Yield in Radiochemical Analyses Preparation of Sources for Activity Counting Essentials in Chemical Yield Determination and in Counting Source Preparation RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ALKALI METALS Most Important Radionuclides of the Alkali Metals Chemical Properties of the Alkali Metals Separation Needs of Alkali Metal Radionuclides Potassium - 40K Cesium - 134Cs, 135Cs, and 137Cs Essentials in the Radiochemistry of the Alkali Metals RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ALKALINE EARTH METALS Most Important Radionuclides of the Alkaline Earth Metals Chemical Properties of the Alkaline Earth Metals Beryllium - 7Be and 10Be Calcium - 41Ca and 45Ca Strontium - 89Sr and 90Sr Radium - 226Ra and 228Ra Essentials in the Radiochemistry of the Alkaline Earth Metals RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE 3d-TRANSITION METALS The Most Important Radionuclides of the 3d-Transition Metals Chemical Properties of the 3d-Transition Metals Iron - 55Fe Nickel - 59Ni and 63Ni Essentials in 3d-Transition Metals Radiochemistry RADIOCHEMISTRY OF TE 4d-TRANSITION METALS Important Radionuclides of the 4d-Transition Metals Chemistry of the 4d-Transition Metals Technetium - 99Tc Zirconium - 93Zr Molybdenum - 93Mo Niobium - 94Nb Essentials in the Radiochemistry of 4d-Transition Metals RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE LANTHANIDES Important Lanthanide Radionuclides Chemical Properties of the Lanthanides Separation of Lanthanides from Actinides Lanthanides as Actinide Analogs 147Pm and 151Am Essentials of Lanthanide Radiochemistry RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE HALOGENS Important Halogen Radionuclides Physical and Chemical Properties of the Halogens Chlorine -.36Cl Iodine - 129I Essentials of Halogen Radiochemistry RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE NOBLE GASES Tritium - 3H Radiocarbon - 14C Essentials of Tritium and Radiocarbon Radiochemistry RADIOCHEMISTRY OF LEAD, POLONIUM, TIN, AND SELENIUM Polonium - 210Po Lead - 210Pb Tin - 126Sn Selenium - 79Se Essentials of Polonium, Lead, Tin, and Selenium Radiochemistry RADIOCHEMISTRY OF THE ACTINIDES Important Actinide Isotopes Generation and Origin of the Actinides Electronic Structures of the Actinides Oxidation States of the Actinides Ionic Radii of the Actinides Major Chemical Forms of the Actinides Disproportionation Hydrolysis and Polymerization of the Actinides Complex Formation of the Actinides Oxides of the Actinides Actinium Thorium Protactinium Uranium Neptunium Plutonium Americium and Curium SPECIATION ANALYSIS Considerations Relevant to Speciation Significance of Speciation Categorization of Speciation Analyzes Fractionation Techniques for Environmental Samples Analysis of Radionuclide and Isotope Compositions Spectroscopic Speciation Methods Wet Chemical Methods Sequential Extractions Computational Speciation Methods Characterization of Radioactive Particles MEASUREMENT OF RADIONUCLIDES BY MASS SPECTROMETRY Introduction Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Thermal Ionization Mass Spectrometry (TIMS) Resonance Ionization Mass Spectrometry (RIMS) Essentials of the Measurement of Radionuclides by Mass Spectrometry SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PRETREATMENT FOR THE DETERMINATION OF RADIONUCLIDES Introduction Air Sampling and Pretreatment Sampling Gaseous Components Atmospheric Deposition Sampling Water Sampling Sediment Sampling and Pretreatment Soil Sampling and Pretreatment Essentials in Sampling and Sample Pretreatment CHEMICAL CHANGES INDUCED BY RADIOACTIVE DECAY Autoradiolysis Transmutation and Subsequent Chemical Changes Recoil - Hot Atom Chemistry

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB05610360
• ISBN:
  • 9783527326587
• 出版国コード: gw
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Weinheim
• ページ数/冊数: xix, 406 p.
• 大きさ: 25cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : QC795.8.R3
  • DC22 : 539.77
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Radioisotopes -- Analysis