The status of alternative methods in toxicology
著者
書誌事項
The status of alternative methods in toxicology
Royal Society of Chemistry, c1995
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Over the last 10-15 years there has been a concerted effort to cause less pain and distress in experimental animals by refining current methods, reducing the number of animals used, and ultimately replacing these experiments with in vitro alternatives. This book discusses the status of alternative methods in toxicology and outlines the most well established and most promising in vitro tests currently available. The book provides a comprehensive and wide-ranging review of these methods and documents their progress in terms of validation and research. It identifies areas where more effort is needed to bring tests towards validation and others where the tests will never be suitable for this purpose. It also looks at future requirements and makes recommendations which will benefit the field. Topics covered include cytotoxicity testing and other in vitro methods for evaluating acute toxicity, eye and skin irritation, target organ toxicity (liver, kidney, lung, cardiovascular system and blood), target system toxicity (nervous system, immune system and reproductive system, including embryotoxicity/teratogenicity) and dermal absorption. Also covered are structure-activity relationships and the application of this approach to the various toxicological endpoints. A comprehensive bibliography is provided. Deriving from a study funded by the Measurements and Testing Programme of the European Community, The Status of Alternative Methods in Toxicology is a must for anyone involved in this important and emotive field, whether undergraduate, graduate, teacher or researcher.
目次
- Part 1 Regulatory and market implications: international and national legislation
- social and economic background
- ethical issues
- data banks on alternatives to animal testing
- practical and financial considerations
- market size. Part 2 State of the art: genotoxicity/mutagenicity
- genotoxicity data bases. Part 3 Methods in preparation: cytotoxicity
- acute toxicity
- eye irritation
- skin irritation
- phototoxicity and photoallergenicity
- target organ toxicity
- target system toxicity
- dermal absorption
- structure-activity relationships. Part 4 Validation of "in vitro" toxicity tests. Part 5 Future needs.
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