CiNii 図書 - Psychology

This text emphasizes the importance of critical thinking and the integration of culture and gender in the science of psychology. Well-known for its pioneering focus on the development of critical thinking skills crucial to students' success in college and in later life, Psychology by Wade & Tavris is also widely regarded for the liveliness, warmth, and clarity of its writing style. Continuing its tradition of integrating gender, culture, and ethnicity throughout the text, Psychology provides a comprehensive introduction to the field.

BRIEF TOC: 1. What is Psychology? 2. How Psychologists Do Research 3. Genes, Evolution, and Environment 4. The Brain: Source of Mind and Self 5. Body Rhythms and Mental States 6. Sensation and Perception 7. Learning and Conditioning 8. Behavior in Social and Cultural Context 9. Thinking and Intelligence 10. Memory 11. Emotion, Stress, and Health 12. Motivation 13. Development Over the Lifespan 14. Theories of Personality 15. Psychological Disorders 16. Approaches to Treatment and Therapy Appendix: Statistical Methods DETAILED TOC: Chapter 1: What is Psychology? Psychology, Pseudoscience, and Popular Opinion Thinking Critically and Creatively About Psychology Psychology's Past: From the Armchair to the Laboratory The Birth of Modern Psychology Three Early Psychologies Psychology's Present: Behavior, Body, Mind, and Culture The Major Psychological Perspectives Other Influential Movements in Psychology What Psychologists Do Psychological Research Psychological Practice Psychology in the Community BIOLOGY, CULTURE AND PSYCHOLOGY: Beyond the Borders TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: What Psychology Can Do for You - and What it Can't Chapter 2: How Psychologists Do Research What Makes Psychological Research Scientific? Descriptive Studies: Establishing the Facts Case Studies Observational Studies Tests Surveys Correlational Studies: Looking for Relationships Measuring Correlations Cautions About Correlations Experiments: Hunting for Causes Experimental Variables Experimental and Control Conditions Experimenter Effects CULTURE AND RESEARCH: Special Challenges Evaluating the Findings Descriptive Statistics: Finding Out What's So Inferential Statistics: Asking "So What?" Interpreting the Findings Keeping the Enterprise Ethical The Ethics of Studying Human Beings The Ethics of Studying Animals TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Lying with Statistics Chapter 3: Genes, Evolution, and Environment Unlocking the Secrets of Genes The Genetics of Similarity Evolution and Natural Selection Innate Human Characteristics Our Human Heritage: Language The Nature of Language The Innate Capacity for Language Learning and Language Our Human Heritage: Courtship and Mating Evolution and Sexual Strategies Culture and the "Genetic Leash" The Genetics of Difference The Meaning of Heritability Computing Heritability Our Human Diversity: The Case of Intelligence Genes and Individual Differences BIOLOGY AND INTELLECT: Genes and Brainy Brains The Question of Group Differences The Environment and Intelligence Beyond Nature versus Nurture TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Should You Have Genetic Testing? Chapter 4: The Brain: Source of Mind and Self The Nervous System: A Basic Blueprint The Central Nervous System The Peripheral Nervous System Communication in the Nervous System The Structure of the Neuron Neurons in the News How Neurons Communicate The Plastic Brain Chemical Messengers in the Nervous System Mapping the Brain A Tour through the Brain The Brain Stem The Cerebellum The Thalamus The Hypothalamus and the Pituitary Gland The Amygdala The Hippocampus The Cerebrum CULTURE AND THE CORTEX: Can Culture Shape the Brain? The Two Hemispheres of the Brain Split Brains: A House Divided The Two Hemispheres: Allies or Opposites? Two Stubborn Issues in Brain Research Where Is the Self? Are There "His" and "Hers" Brains? TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Cosmetic Neurology: Tinkering with the Brain Chapter 5: Body Rhythms and Mental States Biological Rhythms: The Tides of Experience Circadian Rhythms Moods and Long-Term Rhythms CULTURE AND BIOLOGICAL RHYTHMS: The Case of "PMS" The Rhythms of Sleep The Realms of Sleep Why We Sleep Exploring the Dream World Dreams as Unconscious Wishes Dreams as Efforts to Deal with Problems Dreams as Thinking Dreams as Interpreted Brain Activity Evaluating Dream Theories The Riddle of Hypnosis The Nature of Hypnosis Theories of Hypnosis BIOLOGY AND HYPNOSIS: Now You See It. . . Consciousness-Altering Drugs Classifying Drugs The Physiology of Drug Effects The Psychology of Drug Effects TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: The Drug Debate Chapter 6: Sensation and Perception Our Sensational Senses: The Riddle of Seperate Sensations Measuring the Senses Sensory Adaptation Sensing Without Perceiving Vision What We See An Eye on the World Why the Visual System Is Not a Camera How We See Colors Constructing the Visual World Hearing What We Hear An Ear on the World Constructing the Auditory World Other Senses Taste: Savory Sensations Smell: The Sense of Scents Senses of the Skin The Mystery of Pain BIOLOGY AND EXPECTATIONS OF PAIN: Positive Thinking and the Power of the Placebo The Environment Within Perceptual Powers: Origins and Influences Inborn Abilities Critical Periods Psychological and Cultural Influences CULTURE AND PERCEPTION: Of Carpenters and Context Perception without Awareness TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Extrasensory Perception: Reality or Illusion? Chapter 7: Learning and Conditioning Classical Conditioning New Reflexes from Old Principles of Classical Conditioning What Is Actually Learned in Classical Conditioning? Classical Conditioning in Real Life Learning to Like Learning to Fear Accounting for Taste Reacting to Medical Treatments BIOLOGY AND CLASSICAL CONDITIONING: Pavlov and Peanut Butter Operant Conditioning The Birth of Radical Behaviorism The Consequences of Behavior Principles of Operant Conditioning Skinner: The Man and the Myth Operant Conditioning in Real Life The Pros and Cons of Punishment The Problems with Reward Learning and the Mind Latent Learning Social-Cognitive Learning Theories TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Does Media Violence Make You Violent? Chapter 8: Behavior in Social and Cultural Context Roles and Rules The Obedience Study The Prison Study Why People Obey Social Influences on Beliefs and Behavior Attributions Attitudes BIOLOGY AND BELIEFS: Do Genes Influence Attitudes? Persuasion or "Brainwashing"?: The Case of Suicide Bombers Individuals in Groups Conformity Groupthink The Wisdom and Madness of Crowds Altruism and Dissent Us Versus Them: Group Identity Ethnic Identity Ethnocentrism Stereotypes Group Conflict and Prejudice The Origins of Prejudice Defining and Measuring Prejudice Reducing Conflict and Prejudice The Question of Human Nature TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Dealing with Cultural Differences Chapter 9: Thinking and Intelligence Thought: Using What We Know The Elements of Cognition How Conscious is Thought? Reasoning Rationally Formal Reasoning: Algorithms and Logic Informal Reasoning: Heuristics and Dialectical Thinking Reflective Judgment Barriers to Reasoning Rationally Exagerrating the Improbable (and Minimizing the Probable) Avoiding Loss The Fairness Bias BIOLOGY AND ECONOMIC CHOICE: Rejecting Unfair Offers The Hindsight Bias The Confirmation Bias Mental Sets The Need for Cognitive Consistency Overcoming Our Cognitive Biases Measuring Intelligence: The Psychomatic Approach The Invention of IQ Tests CULTURE AND INTELLIGENCE TESTING: Can IQ Tests Be Culturally Fair? Dissecting Intelligence: The Cognitive Approach The Triarchic Theory Domains of Intelligence Thinking Critically About Intelligence(s) Motivation, Hard Work, and Intellectual Success Animal Minds Animal Intelligence Animals and Language Thinking About the Thinking of Animals TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Becoming More Creative Chapter 10: Memory Reconstructing the Past The Manufacture of Memory The Conditions of Confabulation Memory and the Power of Suggestion The Eyewitness on Trial Children's Testimony In Pursuit of Memory Measuring Memory Models of Memory The Three-Box Model of Memory The Sensory Register: Fleeting Impressions Short-Term Memory: Memory's Scratch Pad Long-Term Memory: Final Destination The Biology of Memory Changes in Neurons and Synapses Locating Memories Hormones, Emotion, and Memory How We Remember Effective Encoding Rehearsal Read, Recite, Review Retrieval Practice Mnemonics Why We Forget Decay Replacement Interference Cue-Dependent Forgetting The Repression Controversy Autobiographical Memories Childhood Amnesia: The Missing Years Memory and Narrative: The Stories of Our Lives TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Memory and Myth Chapter 11: Emotion, Stress, and Health The Nature of Emotion Emotion and the Body BIOLOGY AND DECEPTION: Can Lies Be Detected in the Brain and Body? Emotion and the Mind Emotion and Culture How Culture Shapes Emotions Communicating Emotions Gender and Emotion The Nature of Stress Stress and the Body Stress and the Mind CULTURE AND CONTROL: What Can We Change, and What Must We Accept? Stress and Emotion Hostility and Depression: Do They Hurt? Positive Emotions: Do They Help? Emotional Inhibition and Expression Coping with Stress Solving the Problem Rethinking the Problem Drawing on Social Support TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: How Much Control Do We Have Over Our Emotions and Our Health? Chapter 12: Motivation The Hungry Animal: Motives to Eat The Biology of Weight Environmental Influences on Weight CULTURE AND THE IDEAL BODY: Norms, Gender, and Weight The Body as Battleground: Eating Disorders The Social Animal: Motives to Love The Biology of Love The Psychology of Love Gender, Culture, and Love The Erotic Animal: Motives for Sex The Biology of Desire The Psychology of Desire The Culture of Desire Gender. Culture, and Sex BIOLOGY AND SEXUAL ORIENTATION: Elusive Causes, Recent Clues The Competent Animal: Motives to Achieve The Effects of Motivation on Work The Effects of Work on Motivation Motives, Values, and the Pursuit of Happiness TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: How to Attain Your Goals Chapter 13: Development Over the Life Span From Conception through the First Year Prenatal Development The Infant's World Attachment Cognitive Development Language Moral Development Gender Development Gender Identity Influences on Gender Development Adolescence The Physiology of Adolescence BIOLOGY AND THE TEEN BRAIN: Less Guilty by Reason of Adolescence? The Psychology of Adolescence Adulthood Stages and Ages The Transitions of Life Old Age The Wellsprings of Resilience TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Bringing Up Baby Chapter 14:Theories of Personality Psychodynamic Theories of Personality Freud and Psychoanalysis Other Psychodynamic Approaches Evaluating Psychodynamic Theories The Modern Study of Personality Popular Personality Tests Core Personality Tests Genetic Influences on Personality BIOLOGY AND ANIMAL TRAITS: Do Puppies Have Personalities? Heredity and Temperament Heredity and Traits Evaluating Genetic Theories Environmental Influences on Personality Situations and Social Learning Parental Influences-and Its Limits The Power of Peers Cultural Influences on Personality Culture, Values, and Traits CULTURE AND VIOLENCE: The Cultivation of Male Aggression Evaluating Cultural Approaches The Inner Experience Humanist Approaches Narrative Approaches Evaluating Humanist and Narrative Approaches TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: How to Avoid the "Barnum Effect" Chapter 15: Psychological Disorders Diagnosing Mental Disorders Dilemmas of Diagnosis CULTURE AND MENTAL ILLNESS: Are Mental Problems the Same Everywhere? Dilemmas of Measurement Anxiety Disorders Anxiety and Panic Fears and Phobias Obsessions and Compulsions Mood Disorders Depression Bipolar Disorder Origins of Depression Antisocial Personality Disorder Drug Abuse and Addiction Biology and Addiction Learning, Culture, and Addiction Debating the Causes of Addiction Dissociative Identity Disorder Schizophrenia Symptoms of Schizophrenia Origins of Schizophrenia TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Mental Disorder and Personal Responsibility Chapter 16: Approaches to Treatment and Therapy Biological Treatments for Mental Disorders The Question of Drugs Direct Brain Intervention Major Schools of Psychotherapy Psychodynamic Therapy Behavior and Cognitive Therapy Humanist and Cognitive Therapy Family and Couples Therapy Evaluating Psychotherapy CULTURE AND PSYCHOTHERAPY: Does a Therapist-Client "Match" Matter? The Scientist-Practitioner Gap When Therapy Helps BIOLOGY AND PSYCHOTHERAPY: How Treating the Mind Changes the Brain When Therapy Harms The Value and Values of Psychotherapy TAKING PSYCHOLOGY WITH YOU: Becoming a Smart Consumer of Psychological Treatments

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Psychology

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