Biological anthropology : the natural history of humankind

著者

• Stanford, Craig B. (Craig Britton)
• Allen, John S. (John Scott)
• Antón, Susan C.

書誌事項

Biological anthropology : the natural history of humankind

Craig Stanford, John S. Allen, Susan C. Antón

Pearson Education International, c2006

注記

Includes bibliographical references (p. 565-582) and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

For undergraduate introductory physical anthropology, biological anthropology or human origins courses. The only book that integrates the foundations and the most current innovations in the field from the ground up. Over the past twenty years, this field has rapidly evolved from the study of physical anthropology into biological anthropology, incorporating the evolutionary biology of humankind based on information from the fossil record and the human skeleton, genetics of individuals and of populations, our primate relatives, human adaptation, and human behavior . Stanford combines the most up-to-date, comprehensive coverage of the foundations of the field with the modern innovations and discoveries. Praised by students! "I am an Information Technology and Science major at the Pennsylvania State College. I am taking a introductory course in Anthropology and use your textbook by Stanford. I wanted to thank you for an excellent introductory textbook. As I study for my final today I am amazed at how easy it is to read and how it keeps my attention with stories and interesting facts. Unlike my other introductory texts, it does not assume a prior knowledge of the material or grammar associated with the subject. My final exam is still difficult and covers 8 chapters in the book, but it has been a pleasure studying with your book unlike other texts I have had to read. Thank you again for a great book!" Andrew Puschak Pennsylvania State

目次

Part I: Foundations Chapter 1: Introduction: What Is Biological Anthropology? The Scope of Biological Anthropology Paleoanthropology Skeletal Biology and Human Osteology Paleopathology Forensic Anthropology Primatology Human Biology The Roots of Modern Biological Anthropology Anthropology and Its Other Subfields Cultural Anthropology Box 1.1 A Paradigm Split in Anthropology Archaeology Linguistic Anthropology Biological Anthropology Today Chapter 2: Origins of Evolutionary Thought What Is Science? The Early Thinkers The Roots of Modern Science Linnaeus and the Natural Scheme of Life The Road to the Darwinian Revolution The Uniformitarianists: Hutton and Lyell The Darwinian Revolution The Galapagos Refining the Theory of Evolution by Natural Selection Box 2.1 Darwin versus Wallace? Response to Darwin The Science and Creationism Question Box 2.2 What Is Intelligent Design? Part II: Mechanisms of Evolution Chapter 3: Genetics: Cells and Molecules Genetics The Study of Genetics Genetic Metaphors: Blueprints, Recipes, or What? The Cell Cell Anatomy Box 3.1 Cloning Controversies DNA Structure and Function DNA Structure I: The Molecular Level DNA Function I: Replication DNA Function II: Protein Synthesis DNA Structure II: Chromosomes and Cell Division Box 3.2 Biochemical Individuality Molecular Tools for Bioanthropological Research Indirect Methods Direct Sequencing Methods PCR, Mitochondrial DNA, and Ancient DNA Chapter 4: Genetics: From Genotype to Phenotype From Genotype to Phenotype The ABO Blood Type System Obesity: A Complex Interaction Mendelian Genetics Mendel's Postulates Linkage and Crossing Over Mutation Point Mutation and Sickle Cell Disease Trinucleotide Repeat Diseases Mutations: Bad, Neutral, and Good X-Linked Disorders Mendelian Genetics in Humans Genetics Beyond Mendel Box 4.1 State Fair Mendelism and the Eugenics Movement Polygenic Traits, the Phenotype, and the Environment Heritability and IQ Test Score Performance Phenylketonuria: Illustrating Mendelian and Post-Mendelian Concepts Genes and Environments Chapter 5: The Force of Evolution and the Formation of Species How Evolution Works Where Does Variation Come From? How Natural Selection Works Other Ways in Which Evolution Happens Classification and Evolution Taxonomy and Speciation What Is a Species? A Guide to Species Concepts Reproductive Isolating Mechanisms The Origin of Species: How Species Are Formed Box 5.1 What's in a Name? Species Concepts, Genetics and Conservation The Tempo of Speciation Adaptation Is Everything Adaptive? Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Levels of Selection Inclusive Fitness Chapter 6: Human Variation: Evolution, Adaptation, and Adaptability Human Variation at the Individual and Group Level What Is a Population? Historical Perspectives on Human Variation Recording Human Variation in Past Civilizations The Monogenism-Polygenism Debate The Race Concept in the Twentieth Century Changing Attitudes toward Race in Anthropology Box 6.1 Traits in Folk Taxonomies Population Genetics Polymorphisms: ABO and Other Blood Type Systems Gene Flow and Protein Polymorphisms Polymorphisms and Phylogenetic Studies Polymorphisms and Natural Selection in Human Populations The Evolution of Lactose Tolerance Balanced Polymorphisms: Sickle Cell and Other Conditions Adaptation and Adaptability Levels of Adaptability Heat and Cold Box 6.2 Technology and Extreme Environments Body Size and Shape Living at High Altitude Adaptability to Water Part III: Primates Chapter 7: The Primates The Primate Radiation The Extraordinary Diversity of Nonhuman Primates What Exactly Is a Primate? Anatomical Traits Life History Traits Behavioral Traits A Guide to the Nonhuman Primates The Strepsirhines Special Feature: Primates in the New World The Haplorhines Box 7.1 The Rarest of the Rare The New World Monkeys The Old World Monkeys The Hominoids Box 7.2 The Impending Extinction of the Great Apes Primate Ecology Diet The Cycles of a Tropical Forest You Are What You Eat: Dietary and Digestive Strategies Diet and Activity Budgets Feeding Competition Primate Communities Chapter 8: Primate Behavior Studying Primates Why Are Nonhuman Primates Social? The Paradox of Sociality Types of Nonhuman Primate Societies Box 8.1 The Infanticide Wars The Evolution of Primate Social Behavior Social Behavior and Reproductive Asymmetry Box 8.2 Are Chimpanzees from Mars and Bonobos from Venus? Male Reproductive Strategies Female Reproductive Strategies Reconstructing the Evolution of Primate Societies Part IV: The Fossil Record Chapter 9: Fossils in Geological Context with contributions from Monte L. McCrossin How to Become a Fossil The Importance of Context Stratigraphy The Geologic Time Scale How Old Is It? Relative Dating Techniques Special Feature: Key Changes in Evolution Calibrated Relative Dating Techniques Box 9.1 The Piltdown Hoax Box 9.2 Dating Controversies Chronometric Dating Techniques The Earth in the Cenozoic Continents and Land Masses How Cold Was It? Overview of Climatic Changes during the Cenozoic Chapter 10: Origin of Primates with contributions from Monte L. McCrossin The Mesozoic and Beyond Dawn of the Age of Mammals The Crater of Doom: What Happened at the K-T Boundary? After the Crater of Doom: Changes in the Paleocene Questionable Primates: The Plesiadapiforms Why Primates? Early Primates of the Eocene Adapoids (Strepsirhine Ancestors) Omomyoids (Haplorhine Ancestors) Box 10.1 Subfossil Lemurs of Madagascar Continental Drift and Eocene Primates Selective Pressures Favoring the Strepsirhine-Haplorhine Split Evolution of Higher Primates The First Monkeys? New World Monkeys Old World Monkeys What Favored the Origin of Anthropoids? The Earliest Apes Selection Pressures and the Divergence of Monkeys and Apes The Monkey's Tale: What Happened to Primate Diversity in the Miocene? Molecular Evolution in Primates Special Feature: Primate Evolution A Primate Molecular Phylogeny Molecular Phylogeny and Human Origins Gene Function and Human Origins Chapter 11: Becoming Human: The Ape-Hominid Transition Becoming a Biped Anatomical Changes Constructing the Bipedal Body Plan Locomotion of the Last Common Ancestor Why Bipeds? Box 11.1 Overheated Radiator Box 11.2 What Did Love have to Do with It? The Transition to Human Behavior Primate Intelligence: Why Are Humans So Smart? What Made Humans Human? Chapter 12: Early Hominids Will You Know a Hominid When You See One? Box 12.1 A Rose by any Other Name: Hominids versus Hominins The First Hominids? Sahelanthropus tchadensis (7.0-6.0 mya) Orrorin tugenensis (6.0 mya) Ardipithecus ramidus (4.4 mya) and Ardipithecus kadabba (5.8-5.7 mya) Box 12.2 Treasures of the Afar Triangle Australopithecus and Kin Australopithecus anamensis (4.2-3.9 mya) Australopithecus afarensis (3.9-2.9 mya) Special Feature: Early Hominid Evolution Australopithecus bahrelghazali (3.5-3.0 mya) Kenyanthropus platyops (3.5 mya) Australopithecus garhi (2.5 mya) Australopithecus africanus (3.5-<2.0 mya) The Robust Australopithecines (or Paranthropines) Understanding the Australopithecine Radiation Cohabitation Tools and Intelligence Ancestors and Descendants Questions for Future Paleoanthropologists Chapter 13: Rise of the Genus Homo Defining the Genus Homo Earliest Genus Homo Early Tool Use Hunting and Scavenging Box 13.1 Understanding the Meat-eating Past through the Present Who Is Homo erectus? Anatomical Features Homo erectus versus Homo ergaster Homo Erectus around the World Special Feature: The Genus Homo through Time African Origins The First African Diaspora: Republic of Georgia Dispersal into East Asia The Status of Homo erectus in Europe The Lifeways of Homo Erectus Homo erectus and the Early Stone Age A Higher-Quality Diet:Homo erectus Subsistence Homo erectus Life History Homo erectus Leaves Africa Chapter 14: Archaic Homo sapiens and Neandertals Hominid Evolution in the Mid- to Late Pleistocene Defining Anatomically Modern Homo sapiens Archaic Homo sapiens European Archaic Homo sapiens African Archaic Homo sapiens Asian Archaic Homo sapiens Behavior of Archaic Homo sapiens Stone Tools Tools from Organic Materials Large Game Hunting Fire, Campsites, and Home Sites The Neandertals Geographic and Temporal Distribution History of Neandertal Discovery Box 14.1 Neandertal Image Makeovers Neandertal Anatomy: Built for the Cold Growth and Development Health and Disease Neandertal DNA Neandertal Behavior Material Culture Coping with Cold Hunting and Subsistence Cannibalism Burials Ritual and Symbolic Behavior Phylogenetic and Taxonomic Issues: An Overview Special Feature: Hominid Evolution in the Mid-to-Late Pleustocene Chapter 15: The Emergence and Dispersal of Homo sapiens The Emergence of Modern Humans Models of Modern Human Origins Multiregional and Replacement Models Predictions of the Two Models Anatomy and Distribution of Early Humans Africa Near East Europe Asia and Southeast Asia Australia Box 15.1 The Little People of Flores Archaeology of Modern Human Origins Stone and Other Tools Subsistence Settlement of the New World and Pacific Islands Symbolism Molecular Genetics and Human Origins Mitochondrial DNA The Y Chromosome MRCAs for Nuclear Genes Box 15.2 The Genghis Khan Effect Ancient DNA Interpreting Models of Human Origins Paleontology and Archaeology Molecular Genetics Part V: Biology and Behavior of Modern Humans Chapter 16: Evolution of the Brain and Language - unique chapter Overview of the Brain Major Divisions of the Cerebrum Primary and Association Areas of the Cerebral Cortex Methods for Studying Brain Structure and Function Issues in Hominid Brain Evolution Brain Size and Encephalization Brain Size and the Fossil Record Box 16.1 The Ten Percent Myth: Evolution and Energy Brain Reorganization Language: Biology and Evolution What Is Language? The Evolution of Grammar Language in the Brain Language in the Throat Language Ability and the Fossil Record Box 16.2 Ape Language Studies Scenarios of Language Evolution Brain Size, Language, and Intelligence Chapter 17: Biomedical Anthropology - unique chapter Epidemiology: Basic Tools for Biomedical Anthropology Rates: Mortality, Incidence, and Prevalence Epidemiological Transitions Biocultural and Evolutionary Approaches to Disease The Biocultural Approach The Evolutionary Approach Birth, Growth, and Aging Human Childbirth Patterns of Human Growth Stages of Human Growth The Secular Trend in Growth Menarche and Menopause Aging Human Variation and Health: Skin Color Advantages and Disadvantages of Light and Dark Skin Color Skin Color and Health: Evolutionary Synthesis Infectious Disease and Biocultural Evolution Human Behavior and the Spread of Infectious Disease Box 17.1 Kuru, Cannibalism, and Prion Diseases Infectious Disease and the Evolutionary Arms Race Diet and Disease The Paleolithic Diet Agriculture and Nutritional Deficiency Agriculture and Abundance: Thrifty, Nonthrifty, and Thrifty- Pleiotropic Genotypes Chapter 18: The Evolution of Human Behavior - unique chapter Studying the Evolution of Human Behavior The Evolution of Human Behavior: Four Approaches Behavioral Patterns and Evolution Traditional Lives in Evolutionary Ecological Perspective Quantification in Evolutionary Ecological Research Hunting, Gathering, and the Sexual Division of Labor Box 18.1 "Man the Hunter" Sexual Selection and Human Behavior Risk-Taking Behavior Inbreeding Avoidance and Incest Taboos Language-Related Cross-Cultural Behaviors Motherese or Infant-Directed Speech Box 18.2 Reading, Writing, and Evolution Basic Color Terms Behavioral Disease Depression and Natural Selection Schizophrenia Psychoactive Substance Use and Abuse Epilogue Appendix A: Forensic Anthropology Appendix B: Primate and Human Comparative Anatomy Appendix C: The Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium Appendix D: Metric-Imperial Conversions Glossary Bibliography Credits Index

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詳細情報

• NII書誌ID(NCID): BB05706572
• ISBN:
  • 0131828924
• LCCN: 2004060138
• 出版国コード: us
• タイトル言語コード: eng
• 本文言語コード: eng
• 出版地: Upper Saddle River, N.J.
• ページ数/冊数: xix, 604 p.
• 大きさ: 28 cm
• 分類:
  • LCC : GN25
  • DC22 : 599.9
• 件名:
  • LCSH : Physical anthropology -- Textbooks