Heuristics : the foundations of adaptive behavior

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Heuristics : the foundations of adaptive behavior

edited by Gerd Gigerenzer, Ralph Hertwig, Thorsten Pachur

Oxford University Press, c2011

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Includes bibliographical references (p. 761-818) and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

How do people make decisions when time is limited, information unreliable, and the future uncertain? Based on the work of Nobel laureate Herbert Simon and with the help of colleagues around the world, the Adaptive Behavior and Cognition (ABC) Group at the Max Planck Institute for Human Development in Berlin has developed a research program on simple heuristics, also known as fast and frugal heuristics. In the social sciences, heuristics have been believed to be generally inferior to complex methods for inference, or even irrational. Although this may be true in 'small worlds' where everything is known for certain, we show that in the actual world in which we live, full of uncertainties and surprises, heuristics are indispensable and often more accurate than complex methods. Contrary to a deeply entrenched belief, complex problems do not necessitate complex computations. Less can be more. Simple heuristics exploit the information structure of the environment, and thus embody ecological rather than logical rationality. Simon (1999) applauded this new program as a 'revolution in cognitive science, striking a great blow for sanity in the approach to human rationality.' By providing a fresh look at how the mind works as well as the nature of rationality, the simple heuristics program has stimulated a large body of research, led to fascinating applications in diverse fields from law to medicine to business to sports, and instigated controversial debates in psychology, philosophy, and economics. In a single volume, the present reader compiles key articles that have been published in journals across many disciplines. These articles present theory, real-world applications, and a sample of the large number of existing experimental studies that provide evidence for people's adaptive use of heuristics.

Table of Contents

Introduction List of Contributors Appetizer 1. Homo heuristicus: Why Biased Minds Make Better Inferences. Gerd Gigerenzer, and Henry Brighton Part I: Theory Opening the adaptive toolbox 2. Reasoning the Fast and Frugal Way: Models of Bounded Rationality. Gerd Gigerenzer, and Daniel G. Goldstein 3. Models of Ecological Rationality: The Recognition Heuristic. Daniel Goldstein and Gerd Gigerenzer 4. How Forgetting Aids Heuristic Inference. Lael J. Schooler and R. Hertwig 5. Simple Heuristics and Rules of Thumb: Where Psychologists and Behavioral Biologists Might Meet. John M.C. Hutchinson and Gerd Gigerenzer 6. Naive and Yet Enlightened: From Natural Frequencies to Fast and Frugal Decision Trees. Laura Martignon, Oliver Vitouch, Masinori Takezawa, and Malcolm R. Forster 7. The Priority Heuristic: Making Choices without Trade-Offs. Eduard Brandstatter, Gerd Gigerenzer, and Ralph Hertwig 8. One-Reason Decision making: Modeling Violations of Expected Utility Theory. Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos and Gerd Gigerenzer 9. The Similarity Heuristic. Daniel Read and Yael Grushka-Cockayne 10. Hindsight Bias: A By-Product of Knowledge Updating? Ulrich Hoffrage, Ralph Hertwig, and Gerd Gigerenzer How are heuristics selected? 11. SSL: A Theory of How People Learn to Select Strategies. Jorg Rieskamp and Philipp E. Otto Part II: Tests When do heuristics work? 12. Fast, Frugal, and Fit: Simple Heuristics for Paired Comparison. Laura Martignon and Ulrich Hoffrage 13. Heuristic and Linear Lodels of Judgment: Matching Rules and Environments. Robin M. Hogarth and Natalia Karelaia 14. Categorization with Limited Resources: A Family of Simple Heuristics. Laura Martignon, Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulo, and Jan K. Woike 15. A Signal Detection Analysis of the Recognition Heuristic. Timothy J. Pleskac 16. The Relative Success of Recognition-Based Iinference in Multichoice Decisions. Rachel McCloy, C. Philip Beaman, and Philip T. Smith When do people rely on one good reason? 17. The Quest for Take-the-Best. Arndt Broeder 18. Empirical Tests of a Fast and Frugal Heuristic: Not Everyone "Takes-the-Best." Ben R. Newell, Nicola J. Weston, and David R. Shanks 19. A Response-Time Approach to Comparing Generalized Rational and Take-the-Best Models of Decision Making. F. Bryan Bergert and Robert M. Nosofsky 20. Sequential Processing of Cues in Memory-Based Multi-Attribute Decisions. Arndt Broeder and Wolfgang Gaissmaier 21. Does Imitation Benefit Cue-OrderLlearning? Rocio Garcia-Retamero, Masanori Takezawa, and Gerd Gigerenzer 22. The Aging Decision Maker: Cognitive Aging and the Adaptive Selection of Decision Strategies. Rui Mata, Lael J. Schooler, and Joerg Rieskamp When do people rely on name recognition? 23. On the Psychology of the Recognition Heuristic: Retrieval Primacy as a Key Determinant of its Use. Thorsten Pachur and Ralph Hertwig 24. The Recognition Heuristic in Memory-Based Inference: Is Recognition a Non-Compensatory Cue? Thorsten Pachur, Arndt Broeder, and Julian N. Marewski 25. Why You Think Milan is Larger than Modena: Neural Correlates of the Recognition Heuristic. Kirsten G. Volz, Lael J. Schooler, Ricarda I. Schubotz, Markus Raab, Gerd Gigerenzer, and D. Yves von Cramon 26. Fluency Heuristic: A Model of How the Mind Exploits a By-Product of Information Retrieval. Ralph Hertwig, Stefan M. Herzog, Lael J. Schooler, and Torsten Reimer 27. The Use of Recognition in Group Decision Making. Torsten Reimer and Konstantinos V. Katsikopoulos Part III: Heuristics in the Wild Crime 28. Psychological Models of Professional Decision Making. Mandeep K. Dhami 29. Geographic Profiling: The Fast, Frugal, and Accurate Way. Brent Snook, Paul J. Taylor, and Craig Bennel 30. Take-the-Best in Expert-Novice Decision Strategies for Residential Burglary. Rocio Garcia-Retamero and Mandeep K. Dhami Sports 31. Predicting Wimbledon Tennis Results 2005 by Mere Player Name Recognition. Benjamin Scheibehenne and Arndt Broeder 32. Heuristics in Sports That Help Ws Win. W.M. Bennis and Torsten Pachur 33. How Dogs Navigate to Catch Frisbees. Dennis M. Shaffer, Scott M. Krauchunas, Marianna Eddy, and Michael K. McBeath Investment 34. Optimal versus Naive Diversification: How Inefficient in the 1/N Portfolio Strategy? Victor DeMiguel, Lorenzo Garlappi, and Raman Uppal 35. Parental Investment: How an Equity Motive Can Produce Inequality. Ralph Hertwig, Jennifer Nerissa Davis, and Frank J. Sulloway 36. Instant Customer Base analysis: Managerial Heuristics Often "Get It Right." Markus Wubben and Florian v. Wangenheim Everyday things 37. Green Defaults: Information Presentation and Pro-Environmental Behavior. Daniel Pichert and Konstantinois V. Katsikopoulos 38. "IfEL": Satisficing Algorithms for Mapping Conditional Statements onto Social Domains. Alejandro Lopez-Rousseau and Timothy Ketelaar 39. Applying One-Reason Decision Making: The Prioritisation of Literature Searches Michael D. Lee, Natasha Loughlin, and Ingrid B. Lundberg 40. Aggregate Age-at-Marriage Patterns from Individual Mate-Search Heuristics. Peter M. Todd, Francesco C. Billari, and Jorge Simao References Name index Subject index

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Details

  • NCID
    BB06058059
  • ISBN
    • 9780199744282
  • LCCN
    2010013592
  • Country Code
    uk
  • Title Language Code
    eng
  • Text Language Code
    eng
  • Place of Publication
    Oxford
  • Pages/Volumes
    xxv, 844 p.
  • Size
    26 cm
  • Classification
  • Subject Headings
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