World fisheries : a social-ecological analysis

著者

書誌事項

World fisheries : a social-ecological analysis

edited by Rosemary E. Ommer ... [et al]

（Fish and aquatic resources series, 14）

Wiley-Blackwell, 2011

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注記

Based on a symposium held in Rome in July 2008, sponsored by the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics Program and other bodies

Includes bibliographical references and index

内容説明・目次

内容説明

This exciting new book grew out of an international symposium held at FAO, Rome in July 2008, but it is not just a collection of papers from that symposium. Rather, the publication brings together work on social-ecological marine research that cuts across disciplines, identifies key common elements and approaches that promote resilience of marine social-ecological systems in the face of global changes, and points to next steps. The book comprises contributions on conceptual issues relating to social-ecological responses in marine systems to global changes; offers illustrative case studies of specific examples of social-ecological responses in marine systems to significant environmental changes manifested locally; develops a syntheses between natural and social scientists on the topic, and points the way forward with innovative approaches to the use of science and knowledge in management, policy and advice. World Fisheries is part of Wiley-Blackwell's prestigious Fish and Aquatic Resources Series, and encompasses chapters from many scientists at the top of their fields worldwide. Carefully drawn together and edited by four world experts in the area, World Fisheries is a landmark publication which is an essential purchase for all fisheries managers worldwide.

目次

  • List of Contributors xiv Series Foreword xix Acknowledgements xxii Part I Social-Ecological Systems in Fisheries 1 1 Introduction 3 Rosemary E. Ommer and R. Ian Perry Reference 8 2 Restoring Unity: The Concept of Marine Social-Ecological Systems 9 Fikret Berkes Introduction 10 Social-ecological systems concept and background 11 Complexity, globalization, and social-ecological systems 14 Participatory management and governance 19 Conclusions 22 Acknowledgements 24 References 24 Part II Modeling 29 3 Predicting the Impacts and Socio-Economic Consequences of Climate Change on Global Marine Ecosystems and Fisheries: The QUEST_Fish Framework 31 Manuel Barange, Icarus Allen, Eddie Allison, Marie-Caroline Badjeck, Julia Blanchard, Benjamin Drakeford, Nicholas K. Dulvy, James Harle, Robert Holmes, Jason Holt, Simon Jennings, Jason Lowe, Gorka Merino, Christian Mullon, Graham Pilling, Lynda Rodwell, Emma Tompkins, and Francisco Werner Introduction 32 Framing the problem 35 Geographical and temporal framework 35 The role of GCMs and RCMs 36 Developing physical-biological models for the shelf seas 37 Estimating potential fish production 40 Estimating socio-economic consequences 44 Methodology for national vulnerability assessment 44 Methodology for global assessment of a marine-based commodity: fishmeal 48 Opportunities and boundaries of the QUEST_Fish approach 52 Endnotes 54 References 54 4 Fleets, Sites, and Conservation Goals: Game Theoretic Insights on Management Options for Multinational Tuna Fisheries 60 Kathleen Miller, Peter Golubtsov, and Robert McKelvey Introduction 61 Background - Tuna exploitation and management in the Western and Central Pacific 62 The model 66 The single-season subgame: The split-stream extensive model 68 The two-fleet interior game 68 The RFMO-guided seasonal game between distant-water fleets and coastal countries 70 Simulations and implications 72 Game structure of RFMO-sites-fleets interaction 72 Policy choices for sustaining stocks 73 Effects of coalition-formation 80 Climate-related shifts in distribution of stocks 84 Summary, policy implications and future directions 86 Acknowledgement 87 Endnotes 87 References 88 5 Fishing the Food Web: Integrated Analysis of Changes and Drivers of Change in Fisheries of the Bay of Biscay 90 Olivier Thebaud and Fabian Blanchard Introduction 91 Patterns of change in fisheries landings by French fleets 92 Drivers of change 93 Institutional context: a case of "regulated open access" 94 Increased competition in markets for fish 95 Effects of sea warming on the fish community structure 97 Perspectives 101 Acknowledgements 102 Endnotes 102 References 103 6 Interdisciplinary Modeling for an Ecosystem Approach to Management in Marine Social-Ecological Systems 105 Anthony M. Starfield and Astrid Jarre Introduction 105 Focusing attention and setting objectives 106 A model of a model 108 Rapid prototyping 109 The question of balance 111 Frame-based modeling 112 People and resources 115 Concluding remarks 117 Acknowledgements 118 References 118 7 People's Seas: "Ethno-oceanography" as an Interdisciplinary Means to Approach Marine Ecosystem Change 120 Maria A. Gasalla and Antonio C. S. Diegues Introduction 120 Defining "ethno-oceanography" 122 Ethnoecology approach 122 The significance of key communication: Ethno-oceanography and changes in marine social-ecological systems of Brazil 124 "Ethno-oceanography" as a framework to approach climate and marine ecosystem change 128 Looking beyond uncertainty: Implications of climate change to fisheries 129 Redefining the reach of ethno-oceanography: a conceptual approach 130 Concluding remarks 132 Acknowledgements 132 Endnotes 133 References 133 Part III Knowledge 137 8 The Utility of Economic Indicators to Promote Policy-Relevant Science for Climate Change Decisions 139 Judith Kildow Introduction 139 Indicators 141 Economic indicators: a framework 143 Economic indicators function in multiple ways 143 The evidence from society 146 Conclusion 148 Endnotes 149 References 149 9 Scientific Advice for Fisheries Management in West Africa in the Context of Global Change 151 Bora Masumbuko, Moctar Ba, P. Morand, P. Chavance, and Pierre Failler Introduction 151 West African context 152 Method 155 ECOST/ISTAM survey results 156 Scientific advice: content and processes 156 Use and non-use of scientific advice and its implications 157 Improvement of the quality of scientific advice and its use in the decision process 160 Discussion 161 Conclusion 164 Acknowledgements 165 Endnotes 165 References 166 10 Knowledge and Research on Chilean Fisheries Resources: Diagnosis and Recommendations for Sustainable Development 168 Eleuterio Yanez, Exequiel Gonzalez, Luis Cubillos, Samuel Hormazabal, Hector Trujillo, Lorena Alvarez, Alejandra Ordenes, Milton Pedraza, and Gustavo Aedo Introduction 169 Framework 169 System structure, elements, interactions, and knowledge to be considered 174 Current status of knowledge 176 Governance of the fisheries system (a system of problems) 179 Discussion 179 Future research path for fisheries management 179 Endnotes 181 References 181 11 Moving Forward: Social-Ecological Interactivity, Global Marine Change and Knowledge for the Future 182 Barbara Neis Introduction 182 Social-ecological knowledge 183 Knowing where we want to go and finding our way there 190 Conclusion 195 Endnote 197 References 197 Part IV Values 201 12 Unaccounted Values: Under-reporting Sardine Catches as a Strategy Against Poverty in the Bali Strait, Indonesia 203 Eny Anggraini Buchary, Tony J. Pitcher, and Ussif Rashid Sumaila Introduction 203 Area description 204 The Lemuru fishery 205 Materials and methods 206 Data collection 206 Analytical methods 207 Results and discussion 211 Fate of landed lemuru and distribution of reported catch 211 Estimated true catch 214 Financial insecurity: lending schemes and debt-to-assets ratio 215 Measuring relative poverty in fisheries 217 Conclusions 218 Acknowledgements 219 Endnotes 220 References 221 13 "You Don't Know What You've Got 'Til It's Gone": The Case for Spiritual Values in Marine Ecosystem Management 224 Nigel Haggan Introduction 224 Golden Rule #1: Love your neighbor as yourself 226 Golden Rule #2: The one with the gold makes the rules 227 Golden Rule #3: The gold goes where the gold grows 227 Concepts of value 228 The roots of whole ecosystem evaluation 229 Formal frameworks, 1987-1991 230 Measuring ecosystem value 231 A bridge between intrinsic and instrumental value 234 Conclusion 236 Acknowledgements 237 Appendix 1: Catagories used in total economic value and ecosystem services frameworks 237 References 239 14 Social-Ecological Restructuring and Implications for Social Values 247 Grant Murray Introduction 248 Approach and methods 249 Social-ecological restructuring: Putting climate change in context 249 Changes in social structures and processes 251 Size and connection with fishing industry 251 Age structure 252 Internal stratification 253 Fishing as a way of life: Now and in the future 258 Discussion 259 Conclusion 261 Endnotes 262 References 262 15 Economic Valuation of Mangroves in the Niger Delta: An Interdisciplinary Approach 265 Godstime K. James, Jimmy O. Adegoke, Ekechukwu Saba, Peter Nwilo, Joseph Akinyede, and Sylvester Osagie Introduction 265 Study area 266 Integration of remote sensing and socio-economic data 267 Economic valuation of mangrove resources 268 Methodology 269 Remote sensing analysis 269 Focus group analysis 270 Household survey 271 Empirical data processing 271 Estimation of net income from the sale of mangrove resources 271 Estimation of the mangrove area that supported mangrove income (Ak) 272 Annual household net income at the community level 273 Results and analysis 274 Socio-economic characteristics of household survey respondents 274 Area of mangrove that support income stream (Ak) 274 Results from the economic valuation 274 Conclusions 277 References 278 16 US Marine Ecosystem Habitat Values 281 Ussif Rashid Sumaila, Jackie Alder, G. Ishimura, William. W. L. Cheung, L. Dropkin, S. Hopkins, S. Sullivan, and A. Kitchingman Introduction 281 Geographical scope of study 282 Assigning use and non-use values to habitat types 283 Direct use: Habitat associated commercial values 283 Direct use: Habitat associated recreational values 284 Non-use and indirect value: Habitat values based on iconic species 285 The results 285 Direct use: Habitat associated commercial values 286 Direct use: Habitat associated recreational values 286 Non-use and indirect value: Habitat values based on iconic species 286 Concluding remarks 287 Acknowledgements 288 Endnotes 288 References 288 Part V Governance 291 17 Historical Transitions in Access to and Management of Alaska's Commercial Fisheries, 1880-1980 293 Emilie Springer Introduction 293 Early days: Gold and salmon
  • 1867-1919 294 1899 Report by Jefferson Moser, United States Navy Commander of the steam ship Albatross 294 1920-1939: The records of Hubbell and Waller 296 The mid-century era of fisheries: 1940-1969 299 1954-1970 Total Catch Statistics 300 Species shift, changing technology, improved access, and awareness of off-shore waters: 1970s-1980s 301 Three Alaskan competitors: Japan, Russia/Soviet Union, and Korea 302 Organization of the North Pacific Fishery Management Council (NPFMC) 304 Discussion and conclusions 305 Endnotes 307 References 307 18 Can Fishers' Virtuous Behavior Improve Large Marine Ecosystem Health? 310 Valentina Giannini Introduction 310 Guatemala: A case study 314 Vicious chains: Exploitation and degradation 314 Virtous chains and the Red: A partial solution to conflict and overfishing 316 Discussion 317 Conclusions 318 Acknowledgements 319 References 319 Useful websites 321 19 Ecosystem-based Management in the Asia-Pacific Region 322 Mitsutaku Makino and Hiroyuki Matsuda Introduction 322 Global comparison of fisheries sectors 323 Ecosystem-based management at the Shiretoko World Natural Heritage, Japan 329 Discussion 331 Conclusion 332 Acknowledgement 332 Endnotes 332 References 333 20 A Network Approach to Understanding Coastal Management and Governance of Small-scale Fisheries in the Eastern Caribbean 334 Kemraj Parsram and Patrick McConney Introduction 334 Coastal and fisheries resources 335 Governance issues 337 Network governance thinking 340 Tuna fishery management 341 Fisheries science networks 343 Regional fisher folk organization 346 Conclusion 347 References 348 21 Uncertainty Demands an Adaptive Management Approach to the Use of Marine Protected Areas as Management Tools 351 Michel J. Kaiser Introduction 351 Quantifying the performance of MPAs 352 The "plaice-box" as a case study 353 Climate effects on MPA performance metrics 355 Dealing with future uncertainty 356 References 357 22 Building Resilience to Climatic and Global Change in High-Latitude Fishing Communities: Three Case Studies from Iceland and Alaska 359 James R. McGoodwin Introduction 360 Impacts that are forecast for marine ecosystems and the world's coastal fishing communities 361 Case studies from three high-latitude fishing communities 364 Case Study 1: Heimaey, Iceland 365 Case Study 2: Dillingham, Southwest Alaska 367 Case Study 3: The Yup'ik community, Southwest Alaska 369 Conclusion: recommendations for increasing the resilience of the three high-latitude coastal fishing communities 372 Recommendations for Heimaey, Iceland 372 Recommendations for Dillingham, Southwest Alaska 373 Recommendations for the Yup'ik community, Southwest Alaska 373 General recommendations 373 Regarding ordinary climatic variability 373 Regarding severe coastal storms and extreme weather events, sea-level rise, and saltwater intrusion 374 Regarding changes in marine ecosystem compositions 374 Regarding building the capacity of fisheries-management systems to more effectively deal with global warming and change 375 Regarding future fisheries research 375 Regarding regional fisheries management organizations 376 Acknowledgements 377 Endnotes 377 References 378 23 Coping with Environmental Change: Systemic Responses and the Roles of Property and Community in Three Fisheries 381 Bonnie J. McCay, Wendy Weisman, and Carolyn Creed Introduction 381 Case Study 1: Fogo Island, Newfoundland, Canada 383 Case Study 2: Pacifico Norte, Baja California Sur, Mexico 386 Case Study 3: US Surfclam Fishery 391 Conclusion: Enclosures, feedback, and the future 394 Acknowledgements 396 References 397 Part VI Conclusions 401 24 Conclusion: Hierarchy, Power, and Potential Regime Shifts in Marine Social-Ecological Systems 403 Rosemary E. Ommer and R. Ian Perry References 406 Index 407

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