Asking questions in biology : a guide to hypothesis testing, experimental design and presentation in practical work and research projects

著者

書誌事項

Asking questions in biology : a guide to hypothesis testing, experimental design and presentation in practical work and research projects

Chris Barnard, Francis Gilbert and Peter McGregor

Pearson Education, 2011

4th ed

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

"First published under the Longman imprint 1993"--T.p. verso

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Asking and answering questions is the cornerstone of science yet formal training in understanding this key process is often overlooked. Asking Questions in Biology unpacks this crucial process of enquiry, from a biological perspective, at its various stages. It begins with an overview of scientific question-asking in general, before moving on to demonstrate how to derive hypotheses from unstructured observations. It then explains in the main sections of the book, how to use statistical tests as tools to analyse data and answer those questions before, finally, showing the best practice in presenting scientific reports. As such, it is an indispensable companion to all students of biology, but particularly those enrolled in courses concerning experimental design; data analysis; hypothesis testing; research methods; or any practical project work.

目次

Preface 1 Doing Science Where do questions come from? 1.1 Science as asking questions 1.2 Basic considerations 1.3 The skill of asking questions 1.4 Where do questions come from? 1.5 What is this book about References 2 Asking questions The art of framing hypotheses and predictions 2.1 Observation 2.2 Exploratory analysis 2.3 Forming hypotheses 2.4 Summary References 3 Answering questions What do the results say? 3.1 Confirmatory analysis 3.2 What is statistical significance 3.3 Significance tests 3.4 Testing hypotheses 3.5 Testing predictions 3.6 Refining hypotheses and predictions 3.7 Summary References 4 Presenting information How to communicate outcomes and conclusions 4.1 Presenting figures and tables 4.2 Presenting results in the text 4.3 Writing reports 4.4 Writing for a more general readership 4.5 Presenting in person: spoken papers and poster presentations 4.6 Plagiarism 4.7 Summary References Test finder and help guide Some self-test questions Appendix I: Table of confidence limits to the median Appendix II: How to calculate some simple significance tests Appendix III: Significance tables Appendix IV: The common codes for the important graphical parameters of R Answers to self-test questions Index Quick test finders

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