The men and women we want : gender, race, and the progressive era literacy test debate
著者
書誌事項
The men and women we want : gender, race, and the progressive era literacy test debate
（Gender and race in American history）
University of Rochester Press, 2010
- : hbk
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注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [179]-191) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Should immigrants have to pass a literacy test in order to enter the United States? Progressive-Era Americans debated this question for more than twenty years, and by the time the literacy test became law in 1917, the debate had transformed the way Americans understood immigration, and created the logic that shaped immigration restriction policies throughout the twentieth century.
Jeanne Petit argues that the literacy test debate was about much more than reading ability or the virtues of education. It also tapped into broader concerns about the relationship between gender, sexuality, race, and American national identity. The congressmen, reformers, journalists, and pundits whosupported the literacy test hoped to stem the tide of southern and eastern European immigration. To make their case, these restrictionists portrayed illiterate immigrant men as dissipated, dependent paupers, immigrant women as brood mares who bore too many children, and both as a eugenic threat to the nation's racial stock. Opponents of the literacy test argued that the new immigrants were muscular, virile workers and nurturing, virtuous mothers who wouldstrengthen the race and nation. Moreover, the debaters did not simply battle about what social reformer Grace Abbott called "the sort of men and women we want." They also defined as normative the men and women they were -- unquestionably white, unquestionably American, and unquestionably fit to shape the nation's future.
Jeanne D. Petit is Associate Professor of History at Hope College.
目次
Introduction
Breeders, Workers, and Mothers: The Beginning of the Literacy Test Debate
Parents and Progeny: The Dillingham Commission Report
Muscle, Miscegenation, and Manhood: The Literacy Test at the Height of the Progressive Era
Practical Aid and Sympathetic Understanding: Grace Abbott's Alternative to the Literacy Test
World War I and the Literacy Test
The Legacy of the Progressive Era Literacy Test Debate
Notes
Bibliography
Index
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