Electrospinning for tissue regeneration

Bibliographic Information

Electrospinning for tissue regeneration

edited by Lucy A. Bosworth and Sandra Downes

(Woodhead publishing in materials)

Woodhead, 2011

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Electrospinning is a simple and highly versatile method for generating ultrathin fibres with diameters ranging from a few micrometres to tens of nanometres. Although most commonly associated with textile manufacturing, recent research has proved that the electrospinning technology can be used to create organ components and repair damaged tissues. Electrospinning for tissue regeneration provides a comprehensive overview of this innovative approach to tissue repair and regeneration and examines how it is being employed within the biomaterials sector.The book opens with an introduction to the fundamentals of electrospinning. Chapters go on to discuss polymer chemistry, the electrospinning process, conditions, control and regulatory issues. Part two focuses specifically on electrospinning for tissue regeneration and investigates its uses in bone, cartilage, muscle, tendon, nerve, heart valve, bladder, tracheal, dental and skin tissue regeneration before concluding with a chapter on wound dressings. Part three explores electrospinning for in vitro applications. Chapters discuss cell culture systems for kidney, pancreatic and stem cell research.With its distinguished editors and international team of expert contributors, Electrospinning for tissue regeneration is a valuable reference tool for those in academia and industry concerned with research and development in the field of tissue repair and regeneration.

Table of Contents

Contributor contact details Part I: Fundamentals of electrospinning Chapter 1: Introduction to electrospinning Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Basic concepts 1.3 Morphology and structural formation 1.4 Parameters 1.5 Apparatus 1.6 Materials 1.7 Applications 1.8 Future trends Chapter 2: Polymer chemistry Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Natural polymers 2.3 Synthetic degradable polymers 2.4 Conclusions Chapter 3: The electrospinning process, conditions and control Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Solution parameters 3.3 Processing parameters 3.4 Ambient parameters 3.5 Conclusions Chapter 4: Regulatory issues relating to electrospinning Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Regulation of materials in regenerative medicine 4.3 Future trends 4.4 Sources of further information and advice Part II: Electrospinning for tissue regeneration Chapter 5: Bone tissue regeneration Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Principles of bone biology 5.3 Strategies for bone regeneration 5.4 Fabrication of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering 5.5 Potential materials for scaffolds 5.6 Osteoporosis: a growing problem 5.7 Strategies for the treatment of bone defects 5.8 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 6: Cartilage tissue regeneration Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Culture of chondrogenic cells for implantation 6.3 Electrospun nanofibre scaffolds 6.4 Future trends Chapter 7: Muscle tissue regeneration Abstract: 7.1 Introduction to skeletal muscle 7.2 Skeletal muscle injuries 7.3 Mechanical properties of skeletal muscle 7.4 Tissue engineering 7.5 Contractile force 7.6 Conductive elements 7.7 Conclusion and future trends Chapter 8: Tendon tissue regeneration Abstract: 8.1 Introduction: tendon tissue 8.2 Tendon structure and composition 8.3 Tendon pathology 8.4 Clinical need 8.5 Tissue engineering 8.6 Cell response to electrospun bundles 8.7 Mechanical properties of electrospun bundles 8.8 Conclusions and future trends 8.9 Acknowledgements Chapter 9: Nerve tissue regeneration Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 Clinical problems in nerve tissue therapy 9.3 Nerve tissue engineering 9.4 Biomimetic nanoscaffolds for peripheral nerve regeneration 9.5 Stem cell therapy with nanofibre for nerve regeneration 9.6 Conclusion and perspectives Chapter 10: Heart valve tissue regeneration Abstract: 10.1 Introduction 10.2 Tissue to be replaced: heart valves 10.3 Specific tissue requirements as a blueprint for scaffold properties 10.4 Selection of scaffold material 10.5 Scaffold properties to meet tissue requirements 10.6 Future trends 10.7 Acknowledgment Chapter 11: Bladder tissue regeneration Abstract: 11.1 Structural/functional properties of the bladder 11.2 Bladder disease and the need for bladder substitution 11.3 Electrospun and other scaffolds for bladder tissue engineering 11.4 Electrospinning fit for purpose 11.5 Future trends 11.6 Conclusions 11.7 Acknowledgement Chapter 12: Tracheal tissue regeneration Abstract: 12.1 Anatomy of the trachea and main pathologies of surgical concern 12.2 Tissue engineered trachea (TET) 12.3 Electrospun biodegradable tubular tracheal scaffold 12.4 Scaffold fulfilment 12.5 In vitro and in vivo evaluation of the cell and tissue response 12.6 Conclusions 12.7 Acknowledgements Chapter 13: Dental regeneration Abstract: 13.1 Introduction 13.2 Periodontal regeneration 13.3 Reinforcement of dental restorations 13.4 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 14: Skin tissue regeneration Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Biology of skin and wound healing 14.3 Challenging problems in existing therapies 14.4 Restoring functional skin tissue 14.5 Nanofibres as extracellular matrix analogue 14.6 Ideal properties of scaffold 14.7 Choice of biomaterial 14.8 Cellular interactions on skin substitute 14.9 Conclusions and future trends Chapter 15: Wound dressings Abstract: 15.1 Introduction: wound healing 15.2 Nanofibres 15.3 Antimicrobial nanofibrous wound dressings 15.4 Conclusions Part III: Electrospinning for in vitro applications Chapter 16: Cell culture systems for kidney research Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Current work 16.3 Electrospun materials 16.4 Scanning electron microscopy of cells on electrospun scaffolds 16.5 Immunostaining of extracellular matrix proteins on electrospun scaffolds 16.6 Immunostaining of cells on electrospun scaffolds 16.7 Comparison of culture methods 16.8 Discussion and future trends 16.9 Acknowledgements Chapter 17: Cell culture systems for pancreatic research Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 Min6 cell line 17.3 Nes2y cells 17.4 Novel scaffolds and production methods 17.5 Methods 17.6 Results 17.7 Discussion 17.8 Future trends 17.9 Conclusion Chapter 18: Cell culture systems for stem cell research Abstract: 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Embryonic stem cells 18.3 Current culture techniques 18.4 3D scaffolds 18.5 Combining ES cells with electrospun scaffolds 18.6 Future trends Index

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