Deviant women : female crime and criminology in revolutionary Russia, 1880-1930
著者
書誌事項
Deviant women : female crime and criminology in revolutionary Russia, 1880-1930
Northern Illinois University Press, c2009
注記
Includes bibliographical references (p. [269]-300) and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
After seizing power in 1917, the Bolsheviks initiated reforms aimed at abolishing the old way of life in Russia. A new Family Code liberalized marriage procedures, promoted communal living arrangements, and abolished the concept of illegitimacy. Other decrees legalized abortion, deregulated prostitution, and emancipated women. The Bolsheviks' Marxist ideology that guided these reforms was also behind the assertion that crime, an artifact of bourgeois capitalist exploitation, would disappear under socialism. As crime persisted, Soviet criminologists-a cohort of jurists, doctors, sociologists, anthropologists, psychiatrists, statisticians, and forensic experts-were charged with examining its causes and motives to determine the most effective methods to eliminate it.
The problem of female crime occupied a prominent position in criminologists' studies. In explaining "traditional" female crimes of the domestic sphere-infanticide, spouse murder, and petty theft, among others-criminologists pointed to the offenders' backwardness and ignorance, material circumstances, and even biology. Kowalsky examines the position of women in early Soviet society through the lens of deviance, exploring how Soviet criminologists understood female crime and how their attitudes helped shape the development of Soviet social and behavioral norms.
Deviant Women looks at the emergence of criminology in early Soviet Russia, tracing the development of principles and theories-particularly that of female deviance-and highlighting the ways in which criminologists were able to conduct innovative social science research under the constraints of Bolshevik ideology. Kowalsky then focuses on the analyses of female crime and criminologists' attitudes concerning sexuality, geography, and class. Concluding with a close study of infanticide, the most "typical" crime committed by women, Kowalsky discusses the social attitudes that were revealed in the professional discussion of this crime. Historians of modern Russia and the USSR, scholars of gender studies, and those studying criminology will be fascinated by this original study.
目次
Table of Contents
List of Tables
Acknowledgments
Introduction
Part I. The Development of Criminology
Chapter 1. Anthropology, Sociology, and Female Crime: The Origins of Criminology in Russia
Chapter 2. Professionals, Social Science, and the State: The Organization of Soviet Criminology
Part II. Analyzing Female Crime
Chapter 3. The WomanAEs Sphere: The Role of Sexuality in Female Deviance
Chapter 4. The Geography of Crime: City, Countryside, and Trends in Female Criminality
Chapter 5. A Remnant of the Old Way of Life: Infanticide in Theory and Practice
Conclusion
Epilogue: The Fate of Soviet Criminology
Notes
Selected Bibliography
Index
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