Understanding intercultural communication

Author(s)
Bibliographic Information

Understanding intercultural communication

Stella Ting-Toomey, Leeva C. Chung

Oxford Univeristy Press, c2012

2nd ed

  • : pbk

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Note

Includes bibliographical references (p. 267-296) and indexes

Description and Table of Contents

Description

Written in a conversational style, this book introduces students to the foundations of intercultural communication, a vibrant discipline within the field. Authors Stella Ting-Toomey and Leeva Chung take a multicontextual, inclusive approach that balances international and intercultural communication issues against U.S. domestic diversity issues. In addition to emphasizing a value-oriented perspective on intercultural encounters, the text contains a robust ethical chapter, complete with specific guidelines that will help students become ethical intercultural communicators. By integrating current empirical research with lively intercultural examples, the authors ask thought-provoking questions and pose ethical dilemmas for students to ponder. The text offers a sprawling treatment of such topics as ethnic and cultural identity change, culture shock and intercultural adjustment, romantic relationships and raising bicultural children, global identity challenges, and decision-making choices in intercultural ethics. NEW TO THIS EDITION: * Two new special features, "Blog Pic" and "Blog Post," which update all the photos and poignant personal stories found throughout the first edition * A greater focus on the impact of technology on intercultural communication message exchange processes * An updated discussion of multiracial and biracial identity in Chapter 4 * Updates to the popular "Jeopardy Boxes" BL More than 250 new references * "Live-chat," a special boxed feature, which emphasizes the importance of adaptive code-switching in managing intercultural misunderstanding via lively dialogue

Table of Contents

  • DEDICATION PAGE
  • PREFACE
  • ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
  • ABOUT THE AUTHORS
  • PART ONE: FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
  • 1: WHY STUDY INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION?
  • PRACTICAL REASONS TO STUDY INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION
  • ADJUSTING TO GLOBAL WORKPLACE HETEROGENEITY
  • ADAPTING TO DOMESTIC WORKFORCE DIVERSITY
  • ENGAGING IN CREATIVE MULTICULTURAL PROBLEM SOLVING
  • COMPREHENDING THE ROLE OF TECHNOLOGY IN GLOBAL COMMUNICATION
  • FACILITATING BETTER MULTICULTURAL HEALTH CARE COMMUNICATION
  • ENHANCING INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIP SATISFACTION
  • FOSTERING GLOBAL AND INTRAPERSONAL PEACE
  • DEEPENING CULTURAL SELF-AWARENESS AND OTHER-AWARENESS
  • CULTURE: A LEARNED MEANING SYSTEM
  • SURFACE-LEVEL CULTURE: POPULAR CULTURE
  • INTERMEDIATE-LEVEL CULTURE: SYMBOLS, MEANINGS, AND NORMS
  • DEEP-LEVEL CULTURE: TRADITIONS, BELIEFS, AND VALUES
  • STAMPING YOUR INTERCULTURAL PASSPORT
  • 2: WHAT IS INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION FLEXIBILITY?
  • DEFINING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: A PROCESS MODEL
  • INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION PROCESS: OVERALL CHARACTERISTICS
  • INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION: MEANING CHARACTERISTICS
  • PRACTICING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION FLEXIBILITY
  • THREE CONTENT COMPONENTS: KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND SKILLS
  • THREE CRITERIA: APPROPRIATENESS, EFFECTIVENESS, AND ADAPTABILITY
  • DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION FLEXIBILITY
  • A STAIRCASE MODEL
  • AN ESSENTIAL HOOK: A MINDFUL PERSPECTIVE
  • DEEPENING INTERCULTURAL PROCESS THINKING
  • PROCESS CONSCIOUSNESS: UNDERLYING PRINCIPLES
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 3: WHAT ARE THE ESSENTIAL CULTURAL VALUE PATTERNS?
  • FUNCTIONS OF CULTURAL VALUES
  • ANALYZING CULTURAL VALUES
  • IDENTITY MEANING FUNCTION
  • EXPLANATORY FUNCTION
  • MOTIVATIONAL FUNCTION
  • INGROUP-OUTGROUP EVALUATIVE FUNCTION
  • ANALYZING CULTURAL VALUE DIMENSIONS
  • DISCOVERING CULTURAL VALUES
  • IDENTITY: INDIVIDUALISM-COLLECTIVISM VALUE PATTERN
  • POWER: SMALL-LARGE POWER DISTANCE VALUE PATTERN
  • UNCERTAINTY: WEAK-STRONG UNCERTAINTY AVOIDANCE VALUE PATTERN
  • SEX ROLES: FEMININE-MASCULINE VALUE PATTERN
  • ADDITIONAL VALUE ORIENTATION PATTERNS
  • VALUE ORIENTATIONS: BACKGROUND INFORMATION
  • MEANING: ACTIVITY VALUE ORIENTATION
  • DESTINY: PEOPLE-NATURE VALUE ORIENTATION
  • TIME: TEMPORAL VALUE ORIENTATION
  • INDIVIDUAL SOCIALIZATION DEVELOPMENT
  • INDEPENDENT VERSUS INTERDEPENDENT SELF-CONSTRUAL
  • HORIZONTAL VERSUS VERTICAL SELF-CONSTRUAL
  • INTERNAL VERSUS EXTERNAL LOCUS OF CONTROL
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 4: WHAT ARE THE KEYS TO UNDERSTANDING CULTURAL AND ETHNIC IDENTITIES?
  • FAMILY AND GENDER SOCIALIZATION
  • FAMILIES COME IN DIFFERENT SHAPES
  • GENDER SOCIALIZATION AND INTERACTION PATTERNS
  • GROUP MEMBERSHIP: INTERCULTURAL BOUNDARY CROSSING
  • THE PROCESS OF ACCULTURATION AND ENCULTURATION
  • SYSTEMS-LEVEL FACTORS
  • INDIVIDUAL-LEVEL FACTORS
  • F2F AND NETWORK-LEVEL FACTORS
  • MASS MEDIA-LEVEL FACTORS
  • GROUP AFFILIATION AND IDENTITY FORMATION
  • CULTURAL IDENTITY CONCEPTUALIZATION
  • ETHNIC IDENTITY CONCEPTUALIZATION
  • ETHNIC/RACIAL IDENTITY CHANGE PROCESS
  • CULTURAL-ETHNIC IDENTITY TYPOLOGICAL MODEL
  • RACIAL-ETHNIC IDENTITY DEVELOPMENT MODEL
  • MULTIRACIAL AND BIRACIAL IDENTITY
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • PART TWO: CROSSING CULTURAL AND COMMUNICATION BOUNDARIES ADAPTIVELY
  • 5: WHAT IS CULTURE SHOCK?
  • UNPACKING CULTURE SHOCK
  • CHARACTERISTICS OF CULTURE SHOCK
  • PROS AND CONS OF CULTURE SHOCK
  • APPROACHING CULTURE SHOCK: UNDERLYING FACTORS
  • INITIAL TIPS TO MANAGE CULTURE SHOCK
  • INTERCULTURAL ADJUSTMENT: DEVELOPMENTAL PATTERNS
  • THE U-CURVE ADJUSTMENT MODEL
  • THE REVISED W-SHAPED ADJUSTMENT MODEL
  • CULTURE SHOCK: PEAKS AND VALLEYS
  • REENTRY CULTURE SHOCK
  • REENTRY CULTURE SHOCK: SURPRISING ELEMENTS
  • RESOCIALIZATION: DIFFERENT RETURNEES' PROFILES
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 6: WHAT IS THE CONNECTION BETWEEN VERBAL COMMUNICATION AND CULTURE?
  • HUMAN LANGUAGE: DISTINCTIVE FEATURES AND RULE PATTERNS
  • DISTINCTIVE LANGUAGE FEATURES: ARBITRARINESS, ABSTRACTNESS, MEANING-CENTEREDNESS, AND CREATIVITY
  • MULTIPLE RULE PATTERNS: PHONOLOGICAL, MORPHOLOGICAL, SYNTACTIC, SEMANTIC, AND PRAGMATIC RULES
  • APPRECIATING DIVERSE LANGUAGE FUNCTIONS
  • THE CULTURAL WORLDVIEW FUNCTION
  • THE EVERYDAY SOCIAL REALITY FUNCTION
  • THE COGNITIVE SHAPING FUNCTION
  • THE GROUP MEMBERSHIP IDENTITY FUNCTION
  • THE SOCIAL CHANGE FUNCTION
  • VERBAL COMMUNICATION STYLES: A GENERAL FRAMEWORK
  • DEFINING LOW-CONTEXT AND HIGH-CONTEXT INTERACTION PATTERNS
  • DIRECT AND INDIRECT VERBAL STYLES
  • SELF-ENHANCEMENT AND SELF-HUMBLING VERBAL STYLES
  • BELIEFS EXPRESSED IN TALK AND SILENCE
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 7: WHAT ARE THE DIFFERENT WAYS TO COMMUNICATE NONVERBALLY ACROSS CULTURES?
  • THE IMPACT OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
  • MAKING SENSE OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
  • ONE CODE, COUNTLESS INTERPRETATIONS
  • VERBAL AND NONVERBAL COMPARISONS
  • FORMS OF NONVERBAL COMMUNICATION
  • PHYSICAL APPEARANCE
  • PARALANGUAGE
  • FACIAL EXPRESSIONS
  • GESTURES
  • HAPTICS
  • BOUNDARY REGULATIONS
  • REGULATING INTERPERSONAL BOUNDARIES
  • ENVIRONMENTAL BOUNDARIES
  • PSYCHOLOGICAL BOUNDARIES
  • REGULATING TIME
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • PART THREE: MANAGING CHALLENGES IN INTERCULTURAL RELATIONSHIPS FLEXIBLY
  • 8: WHAT CAUSES US TO HOLD BIASES AGAINST OUTGROUPS?
  • HUMAN PERCEPTION TENDENCIES: SOME GENERAL PRINCIPLES
  • SELECTIVE ATTENTION
  • SELECTIVE ORGANIZATION AND LABELING
  • SELECTIVE INTERPRETATION
  • BIASED INTERGROUP FILTERS: ETHNOCENTRISM AND STEREOTYPES
  • ETHNOCENTRISM AND COMMUNICATION
  • DISTANCES OF INDIFFERENCE, AVOIDANCE, AND DISPARAGEMENT
  • DEVELOPMENTAL MODEL OF INTERCULTURAL SENSITIVITY (DMIS)
  • STEREOTYPES AND COMMUNICATION
  • STEREOTYPES: WE ARE WHAT WE WATCH
  • MARKING INGROUP/OUTGROUP MEMBERSHIP BOUNDARIES
  • US VERSUS THEM
  • GROUP MEMBERSHIP STRUGGLES
  • INTERGROUP ATTRIBUTION BIASES
  • SHATTERED LENS: PREJUDICE, DISCRIMINATION, AND RACISM
  • PREJUDICE: MULTIPLE EXPLANATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
  • PREJUDICED REMARKS OR INNOCENT JOKES?
  • FOUR DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES
  • DIFFERENT TYPES OF RACISM
  • REDUCING PREJUDICE AND DISCRIMINATION
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 9: HOW CAN WE MANAGE INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT FLEXIBLY?
  • INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT: CULTURAL BACKGROUND FACTORS
  • CULTURE-BASED CONFLICT LENSES
  • INTERCULTURAL WORKPLACE CONFLICT GRID
  • INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT PERCEPTIONS
  • INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT GOAL ISSUES
  • PERCEIVED SCARCE RESOURCES
  • INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT PROCESS FACTORS
  • DEFINING CONFLICT STYLES
  • CROSS-CULTURAL CONFLICT STYLES
  • CROSS-ETHNIC CONFLICT STYLES AND FACEWORK
  • FLEXIBLE INTERCULTURAL CONFLICT SKILLS
  • FACEWORK MANAGEMENT
  • MINDFUL LISTENING
  • CULTURAL EMPATHY
  • MINDFUL REFRAMING
  • ADAPTIVE CODE-SWITCHING
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 10: WHAT ARE THE CHALLENGES IN DEVELOPING AN INTERCULTURAL-INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP?
  • DEVELOPING INTERCULTURAL-INTIMATE RELATIONSHIPS: INVISIBLE CHALLENGES
  • CULTURAL-ETHNIC MEMBERSHIP VALUES
  • LOVE EXPECTATIONS AND EXPRESSIONS
  • AUTONOMY-CONNECTION ISSUES
  • COMMUNICATION DECODING ISSUES
  • INTERCULTURAL-INTIMATE RELATIONSHIP ATTRACTION: FACILITATING FACTORS
  • PERCEIVED PHYSICAL ATTRACTIVENESS
  • PERCEIVED SIMILARITY
  • CROSS-CULTURAL SELF-DISCLOSURE COMPARISONS
  • ONLINE DISCLOSURE OF AFFECTION
  • THIRD PARTY MATCHMAKERS: ONLINE AND MOBILE DATING
  • INTERCULTURAL/INTERRACIAL ROMANTIC RELATIONSHIP DEVELOPMENT
  • INTERCULTURAL-INTIMATE CONFLICT: OBSTACLES AND STUMBLING BLOCKS
  • THE ENCOUNTER: PREJUDICE AND RACISM
  • COUNTERING RACISM AND PREJUDICE: COPING STRATEGIES
  • RELATIONAL TRANSGRESSIONS AND TERMINATIONS
  • RAISING SECURE BICULTURAL CHILDREN
  • BICULTURAL IDENTITY STRUGGLES
  • CULTIVATING A SECURE MULTIFACETED IDENTITY
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 11: WHAT ARE THE COMMUNICATION ISSUES FACING A GLOBAL IDENTITY?
  • WIRED AND ON: THE ROAR OF THE INTERNET
  • THE INTERNET AS OUR CENTRAL STATION
  • WIRED COMMUNICATION
  • THE TRANSFORMATION OF LOCAL AND GLOBAL IDENTITIES
  • THE LENS OF TELEVISION: IDENTITY IMITATION
  • GLOBAL TELEVISION IMPACT
  • BE HIP, BE HOT, AND POP CULTURE IMPACT
  • OUTSOURCED BEATS: YOU ARE WHAT YOU CAN DANCE TO
  • YOU ARE WHAT YOU WEAR: POP CULTURE AS FASHION
  • WHO AND WHAT ARE E.NETIZENS?
  • DEFINING THE BACKGROUND OF E.NETIZENS
  • CHARACTERISTICS OF AN E.NETIZEN IDENTITY
  • THE DIALECTICS PULLS OF AN E.NETIZEN
  • SPATIAL ZONE DIALECTICS
  • TEMPORAL ZONE DIALECTICS
  • THE TIPPING POINT: COMMUNICATION PATTERN CHANGES
  • GADGET COMMUNICATION PATTERNS: FAST AND FURIOUS
  • SHARING INTIMATE PARTNERS WITH A GADGET
  • LANGUAGE STYLES: TEXT, TWEET, TALK
  • COMMUNICATING TO BE SOCIAL CHANGE AGENTS
  • PRESENT BUT VIRTUAL
  • PERSONAL IDENTITIES IN FLUX: THE GLOBAL FACE
  • INTERCULTURAL REALITY CHECK: DO-ABLES
  • 12: HOW CAN WE BECOME ETHICAL INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS?
  • INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATION ETHICS: CONTEMPORARY ISSUES
  • GLOBAL STANDARD PROCEDURE AND LOCAL JUSTICE ISSUES
  • CORPORATE RESPONSIBILITY AND LOCAL CUSTOMARY PRACTICE
  • CULTURAL VALUE CLASH AND COMMUNICATION PREFERENCE
  • MULTIPLE ETHICAL POSITIONS: ASSESSING PROS AND CONS
  • ETHICAL ABSOLUTISM POSITION
  • ETHICAL RELATIVISM POSITION
  • ETHICAL UNIVERSALISM POSITION
  • META-ETHICS CONTEXTUALISM POSITION
  • BECOMING ETHICAL AND FLEXIBLE INTERCULTURAL COMMUNICATORS
  • BECOMING ETHICAL: TEN QUESTIONS TO CONSIDER
  • BECOMING FLEXIBLE: FINAL PASSPORT DO-ABLES
  • REFERENCES
  • GLOSSARY
  • INDEX

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