The great conversation : a historical introduction to philosophy
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書誌事項
The great conversation : a historical introduction to philosophy
Oxford University Press, 2011
6th ed
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注記
Includes bibliographical references and index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
Now in its sixth edition, this historically organized introductory text treats philosophy as a dramatic and continuous story--a conversation about humankind's deepest and most persistent concerns. Tracing the exchange of ideas among history's key philosophers, The Great Conversation: A Historical Introduction to Philosophy, Sixth Edition, demonstrates that while constructing an argument or making a claim, one philosopher almost always has others in mind. The book addresses the fundamental questions of human life: Who are we? What can we know? How should we live? and What sort of reality do we inhabit? The sixth edition retains the distinctive feature of previous editions: author Norman Melchert provides a generous selection of excerpts from major philosophical works and makes them more easily understandable to students with his lucid and engaging explanations. Ranging from the Pre-Socratics to Derrida, Quine, and Dennett, the selections are organized historically and include four complete works: Plato's Euthyphro, Apology, and Crito, and Descartes' Meditations on First Philosophy.
The author's commentary offers a rich intellectual and cultural context for the philosophical ideas conveyed in the excerpts. Extensive cross-referencing shows students how philosophers respond appreciatively or critically to the thoughts of other philosophers. The text is enhanced by two types of exercises--"Basic Questions" and "For Further Thought"--and fifty illustrations. NEW TO THE SIXTH EDITION: * Coverage of Taoism, Iris Murdoch, and Zen * An expanded portrait of Jean-Paul Sartre * A more concise, single-chapter treatment of Wittgenstein (Chapter 22) * Key terms, boldfaced throughout and listed at chapter ends * Brief and provocative quotations that stimulate thought and provoke questions * A new section on how to read philosophy * A new appendix: Writing a Philosophy Paper * A two-color format that enhances the text's visual appeal * A Companion Website at www.oup.com/us/melchert featuring resources for students including key points, flashcards, multiple-choice questions, and Internet resources * A revised Instructor's Manual and Test Bank (available on the companion website and on CD) containing key points, teaching suggestions, and multiple-choice, short-answer, and essay exam questions The Great Conversation, Sixth Edition, is also available in two paperback volumes to suit your course needs.
Volume I: Pre-Socratics through Descartes includes chapters 1-13 of the combined volume, while Volume II: Descartes through Derrida and Quine includes chapters 12-25.
目次
- *=NEW TO THIS EDITION
- 1. BEFORE PHILOSOPHY: MYTH IN HESIOD AND HOMER
- Hesiod: War among the Gods
- Homer: Heroes, Gods, and Excellence
- 2. PHILOSOPHY BEFORE SOCRATES
- Thales: The One as Water
- Anaximander: The One as the Boundless
- Xenophanes: The Gods as Fictions
- SKETCH: PYTHAGORAS
- Heraclitus: Oneness in the Logos
- * PROFILE: THE TAO
- Parmenides: Only the One
- Zeno: The Paradoxes of Common Sense
- Atomism: The One and the Many Reconciled
- 3. THE SOPHISTS: RHETORIC AND RELATIVISM IN ATHENS
- Democracy
- The Persian Wars
- The Sophists
- Physis and Nomos
- Athens and Sparta at War
- Aristophanes and Reaction
- 4. SOCRATES: TO KNOW ONESELF
- Character
- Is Socrates a Sophist?
- What Socrates "Knows"
- 5. THE TRIAL AND DEATH OF SOCRATES
- Translator's Introduction
- The Dialogue
- Commentary and Questions
- Translator's Introduction
- The Dialogue
- Commentary and Questions
- Translator's Introduction
- The Dialogue
- Commentary and Questions
- Phaedo (Death Scene)
- Translator's Introduction
- The Dialogue (Selection)
- Commentary and Questions
- 6. PLATO: KNOWING THE REAL AND THE GOOD
- Knowledge and Opinion
- The World and the Forms
- The Love of Wisdom
- The Soul
- Morality
- The State
- Problems with the Forms
- 7. ARISTOTLE: THE REALITY OF THE WORLD
- Aristotle and Plato
- Logic and Knowledge
- The World
- First Philosophy
- The Soul
- The Good Life
- 8. EPICUREANS, STOICS, AND SKEPTICS: HAPPINESS FOR THE MANY
- The Epicureans
- The Stoics
- The Skeptics
- 9. THE CHRISTIANS: SIN, SALVATION, AND LOVE
- Background
- Jesus
- The Meaning of Jesus
- 10. AUGUSTINE: GOD AND THE SOUL
- Wisdom, Happiness, and God
- The Interior Teacher
- God and the World
- Human Nature and Its Corruption
- Human Nature and Its Restoration
- Augustine on Relativism
- The Two Cities
- Christians and Philosophers
- 11. ANSELM AND AQUINAS: EXISTENCE AND ESSENCE IN GOD AND THE WORLD
- Anselm: On That, Than Which No Greater Can Be Conceived
- Thomas Aquinas: Rethinking Aristotle
- SKETCH: AVICENNA (IBN SINA)
- SKETCH: AVERROES (IBN RUSHD)
- SKETCH: MAIMONIDES (MOSES BEN MAIMON)
- Ockham and Skeptical Doubts--Again
- 12. MOVING FROM MEDIEVAL TO MODERN
- The World God Made for Us
- The Humanists
- Reforming the Church
- Skeptical Thoughts Revived
- Copernicus to Kepler to Galileo: The Great Triple Play
- 13. RENE DESCARTES: DOUBTING OUR WAY TO CERTAINTY
- The Method
- Meditations: Commentary and Questions
- Meditation I
- Meditation II
- Meditation III
- Meditation IV
- Meditation V
- Meditation VI
- What Has Descartes Done?
- 14. HOBBES, LOCKE, AND BERKELEY: MATERIALISM AND THE BEGINNINGS OF EMPIRICISM
- Thomas Hobbes: Catching Persons in the Net of the New Science
- SKETCH: FRANCIS BACON
- John Locke: Looking to Experience
- George Berkeley: Ideas into Things
- 15. DAVID HUME: UNMASKING THE PRETENSIONS OF REASON
- How Newton Did It
- To Be the Newton of Human Nature
- The Theory of Ideas
- The Association of Ideas
- Causation: The Very Idea
- The Disappearing Self
- SKETCH: THE BUDDHA
- Rescuing Human Freedom
- Is It Reasonable to Believe in God?
- Understanding Morality
- Is Hume a Skeptic?
- 16. IMMANUEL KANT: REHABILITATING REASON (WITHIN STRICT LIMITS)
- Critique
- Judgments
- Geometry, Mathematics, Space, and Time
- Common Sense, Science, and the A Priori Categories
- SKETCH: BARUCH SPINOZA
- Phenomena and Noumena
- SKETCH: GOTTFRIED WILHELM VON LEIBNIZ
- Reasoning and the Ideas of Metaphysics: God, World, and Soul
- Reason and Morality
- SKETCH: JEAN-JACQUES ROUSSEAU
- 17. GEORG WILHELM FRIEDRICH HEGEL: TAKING HISTORY SERIOUSLY
- Historical and Intellectual Context
- Epistemology Internalized
- SKETCH: ARTHUR SCHOPENHAUER
- Self and Others
- Stoic and Skeptical Consciousness
- Hegel's Analysis of Christianity
- Reason and Reality: The Theory of Idealism
- Spirit Made Objective: The Social Character of Ethics
- History and Freedom
- 18. KIERKEGAARD AND MARX: TWO WAYS TO "CORRECT" HEGEL
- Kierkegaard: On Individual Existence
- Marx: Beyond Alienation and Exploitation
- 19. THE UTILITARIANS: MORAL RULES AND THE HAPPINESS OF ALL (INCLUDING WOMEN)
- The Classic Utilitarians
- The Rights of Women
- 20. FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE: THE VALUE OF EXISTENCE
- Pessimism and Tragedy
- Good-bye Real World
- The Death of God
- Revaluation of Values
- * PROFILE: IRIS MURDOCH
- The Overman
- Affirming Eternal Recurrence
- 21. THE PRAGMATISTS: THOUGHT AND ACTION
- Charles Sanders Peirce
- John Dewey
- SKETCH: WILLIAM JAMES
- * 22. LUDWIG WITTGENSTEIN: LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS AND ORDINARY LANGUAGE
- Language and Its Logic
- SKETCH: BERTRAND RUSSELL
- Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus
- * PROFILE: THE LOGICAL POSITIVISTS
- The Continuity of Wittgenstein's Thought
- * PROFILE: ZEN
- Our Groundless Certainty
- 23. MARTIN HEIDEGGER: THE MEANING OF BEING
- What Is the Question?
- The Clue
- Phenomenology
- Being-in-the-World
- The "Who" of Dasein
- Modes of Disclosure
- Falling-Away
- Care
- Truth
- Death
- Conscience, Guilt, and Resoluteness
- Temporality as the Meaning of Care
- The Priority of Being
- 24. SIMONE DE BEAUVOIR: EXISTENTIALIST, FEMINIST
- Ambiguity
- PROFILE: JEAN-PAUL SARTRE
- Ethics
- Woman
- 25. POSTMODERNISM AND PHYSICAL REALISM: DERRIDA, QUINE, AND DENNETT
- Postmodernism
- * PROFILE: RICHARD RORTY
- Physical Realism
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