English simplified
著者
書誌事項
English simplified
Longman, c2010
12th ed
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注記
Includes index
内容説明・目次
内容説明
At only 80 pages, English Simplified is a concise, inexpensive grammar handbook that has long been the choice of instructors due to its reliablity. This easy-to-use pocketbook will answer any questions a writer has about grammar, the writing process, or research, and keeps you at the top of your class by including the latest updates on documentation style, material on note-taking, source evaluation, and avoiding plagiarism. Additional information is included for ESL writers, and easy-to-read charts that clarify verb tenses and forms.
目次
- I. SENTENCES AND GRAMMAR (Sections 101-130) 101-103 Sentences 101 Parts: A-subject
- B-verb (predicate) 102 Sentence pattern 103 Classifying: A-by purpose
- B-by structure (clauses)--simple, compound, complex, compound-complex 104-109 Parts of Speech: Survey 104 A--nouns
- B--pronouns 105 Verbs 106 A--adjectives
- B--adverbs 107 A--conjunctions
- B--prepositions 108 interjections 109 A word as different parts of speech 110 A word group as a part of speech 111-112 Using Nouns 111 Kinds: A-singular, plural
- B-common, proper
- C-concrete, abstract
- D-collective
- E-count, noncount 112 Uses: A-subject
- B-complement (direct, indirect object
- subjective, objective complement)
- C--object of preposition
- D-appositive
- E-direct address 113-118 Using Verbs 113 Identifying 114 Kinds: A-transitive
- B-intransitive
- C-linking
- D-auxiliary 115 Principal parts: A-present, past, past participle
- B-troublesome verbs 116 Tenses, forms: A-present
- B-past
- C-future
- D-present perfect
- E-past perfect
- F-future perfect
- G-conditional 117 Verbs vs. Verbals: A-infinitives
- B-participles
- C-gerunds 118 Verb errors: A-perfect and passive forms
- B--tense shift
- B-overused passive voice
- C-mood shifts
- D-confusion of similar verbs (see also 404) 119-120 Using Adjectives and Adverbs 119 Correct use: A-adverbs with action verbs
- modifying adjectives, adverbs
- B-adjectives after linking verbs
- C-good vs. well, bad vs.badly
- D-comparative, superlative
- double comparative, superlative
- illogical comparisons 120 Articles, determiners [ESL]: A-a vs.an
- B-articles before nouns
- C-limiting adjectives (determiners)
- D-order of adjectives 121-123 Using Pronouns 121 Kinds: A-personal (including gender problem)
- B-interrogative, relative: C-demonstrative
- D-indefinite
- E-reflexive, intensive 122 Case: A-subjective (nominative)
- B-objective
- C-subjective-objective problems
- D-who, whom (interrogative)
- E-who, whom (relative)
- F-possessive 123 Faulty reference: A-ambiguous
- B-vague 124-125 Phrases, Clauses 124 Phrases: A-prepositional
- B-verbal (infinitive, participial, absolute, gerund) 125 Clauses: A-kinds (independent, dependent)
- B-dependent kinds (adjective, adverb, noun)
- C-in sentences (simple, compound, complex) 126-127 Agreement 126 Subject-verb: A-person
- B-number
- C-intervening words
- D-compound subjects
- E-subjects with not
- F--indefinite pronouns
- G-collective nouns
- H-linking verbs
- I--singulars in plural form
- J-there and it
- K-titles, words as words
- L-money and measures
- M-relative pronouns 127 Pronoun-antecedent: A-shifts to you
- B. singular pronouns
- C-and, or, nor
- D-collective nouns
- E-demonstratives as adjectives
- F-one of the 128-130 Effective Sentences 128 Creating sentences: A-varying
- B-coordinating
- C-compounding
- D-subordinating (adjective, adverb, noun clauses)
- E-reduction
- F-parallel structure
- G-positioning main idea 129 "Big three" errors: A-fragments
- B-comma splices, fused sentences 130 Gaining clarity: A--needless separation
- B--misplaced or dangling modifiers (participles, gerunds, clauses, etc.)
- C-incomplete or illogical comparisons
- D-illogical shifts
- E-mixed or confused construction (is when, is where, others) II. PUNCTUATION (Sections 201-227) 201-203 Comma [,] 201 Comma (to set off): A-independent (main) clause
- B-introductory clause, phrase
- C-items in series
- D-coordinate adjectives
- E-parenthetical expressions
- F-nonessential (nonrestrictive) clauses, phrases, appositives
- G-absolute phrases
- H-direct address
- I-yes, no
- J-mild interjections
- K-direct quotations
- L-such as, etc., contrasts 202 Comma: A-clarity
- B-omitted, understood word
- C-tag question
- D-friendly letter
- E-dates, addresses 203 No comma: A-between subject-verb, verb-object
- B-between independent clauses
- C--if not needed 204-205 Period [.] 204 Period: A-end of sentence
- B-abbreviation, initial
- C-outline
- D-ellipsis, hesitation
- E-nonsentence 205 No period after title 206-207 Question Mark [?] 206 Question mark: A-direct question
- B-uncertainty 207 No question mark: A-indirect question
- B-polite request
- C-humor, irony 208-209 Exclamation Point [!] 208 Exclamation point: w. strong interjection 209 No exclamation point: A-mild interjection
- B-beyond one 210 Semicolon [
- ]: A-joining clauses
- B-conjunctive adverb
- C-clauses, series with commas 211-213 Apostrophe ['] 211 Apostrophe with possessive nouns: A-singular
- B-plural
- C-before gerund
- D-fine points
- E--apostrophes and clarity 212 Apostrophe: A-contractions, omissions
- B-letters, symbols 213 No apostrophe: A-personal pronouns
- B-plurals, verbs
- C-inanimate objects 214 Italics (Underlining): A-titles of long works
- B-ships, etc.
- C-art works
- D-foreign words
- E-words, etc. as such
- F-emphasis 215-219 Quotation Marks [" "] 215 Double quotation marks: A-speaker's words
- B-interrupted quotation
- C-uninterrupted quotation
- D-paragraphs
- E-fragmentary quotation
- F-omission (ellipsis)
- G-insertion in quotation
- H-dialogue
- I-poetry 216 Double quotation marks: A-titles of short works
- B-definitions
- C-words in special sense 217 Single quotation marks: quotation inside quotation 218 Quotation marks with other marks: A-periods, commas
- B-colons, semicolons
- C-others 219 No quotation marks: A-title of paper
- B--irony, etc.
- 220-221 Colon [:] 220 Colon (to introduce): A-list
- B-long quotation
- C-formal quotation, question
- D-independent clause
- E-business letter
- F-announcement
- G-resolution
- H-play dialogue 221 Colon (to separate): A-title parts, etc.
- bibliography parts 222 Dash [--]: A-break in thought
- B-parenthetical element
- C-appositive
- D-quotation 223-224 Parentheses[( )] 223 Parentheses: A-incidental information
- B-enclosing
- C-accuracy
- D-with other marks 224 No parentheses: A-deletions
- B-editorial remarks 225 Brackets [[ ]]: A: editorial remarks
- B-sic
- C-stage directions
- D-within parentheses 226 Hyphen[-]: A-compound words
- B-compound adjective
- C-numbers
- D-clarification
- E-ex-, self-, etc.
- F-hesitation, etc.
- G-word division 227 Slash (virgule) [/]: A-poetry
- B-alternatives
- C-per
- D-fractions III. MECHANICS, WITH SPELLING (Sections 301-314) 301-303 Capitalization 301Capital: A-sentence beginning
- B-poetry
- C-nonsentence
- D-after colon
- E-outline
- F-title
- G-letter greeting, close
- H-I, O 302 Proper noun capital: A-person, group, etc.
- B-place
- C-organization, brand
- D-day, month, etc.
- E-sacred name
- F-historical event, etc.
- G-school, etc.
- H-flag, award
- I-planet, etc.
- J-ship, etc.
- K-initial, etc.
- L-personification
- M-title 303 No capital: A-compass points
- B-seasons
- C-family
- D-school subject
- E-common noun
- F-words from proper nouns
- G-after semicolon
- H-interrupted quotation
- I-fragmentary quotation
- J-compound word
- K-emphasis
- L-book part 304 Word division (syllabication): A-by pronunciation
- B-compound word
- C-one-syllable word
- D-single letter 305-307 Numbers 305 In words: A-one or two words
- B-compound adjective
- C-fraction
- D-beginning sentence 306 In figures: A-three or more words
- B-special uses
- C-groups in same passage 307 Money 308-309 Abbreviations 308 Abbreviation: A-title before name
- B-title after name
- C-with numeral
- D-Latin phrase
- E-organization 309 No abbreviation: A-state, day, etc.
- B-name
- C-street, company, etc.
- D-and
- E-school subject
- F-book part 310-314 Spelling 310 Improvement techniques: A-visualizing
- B-practicing
- C-similar words
- D-related words
- E-memory devices 311 Basic rules: A-ie-ei
- B-final e
- C-final y
- D-doubling
- E-letting alone 312 Plurals: A-extra syllable (-es)
- B-y ending (-es)
- C-f, fe ending (-es)
- D-o ending (-es)
- E--is ending (-es)
- F-compound word
- G-foreign plural
- H-letter, symbol 313 Nonstandard, alternative spelling: A-nonstandard
- B-preferred 314 One hundred problem words IV. WORD CHOICE (Sections 401-405) 401 Conciseness, clarity, originality: A-conciseness
- B-specificity
- C-connotation
- D-originality 402 Standard, appropriate English: A-formal vs. informal
- B-limited use words
- C-expressions to avoid 403 Nondiscriminatory terms: A-nonsexist
- B-other 404 Similar words often confused V. PARAGRAPHS AND PAPERS (Sections 501-510) 501 Manuscript Form: A-paper, typeface
- B-spacing
- C-title, paging
- D-Justifying, word dividing
- E-corrections 502-503 Paragraphs 502 Form, length [ESL] 503 Content: A-topic sentence
- B-development
- C-coherence (incl. transitions)
- D-unity, emphasis 504 Netiquette Guidelines 505-506 Essays 505 Before writing: A-topic
- B-plan (prewriting, etc.)
- C-thesis
- D-approach
- E-outline 506 Writing, revising: A-first draft
- B-revising, editing, proofreading
- C-sample student essay 507-510 Research Papers 507 Planning, researching: A-topic
- B-thesis (see 505C)
- C- locating sources (print, electronic, field)
- D-working bibliography
- E-evaluating sources (objectivity, etc.)
- F-- note taking (paraphrase, etc.)
- G-pulling it all together 508 Citing sources: A-within paper (MLA, APA)
- B-plagiarism [ESL] 509 Works cited/references list: A-MLA
- B-APA 510 Setting up pages: A-text (MLA, APA)
- B-works cited/references list (MLA, APA) Index (by section number) Correction Chart
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