Biomaterials for spinal surgery

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Bibliographic Information

Biomaterials for spinal surgery

edited by Luigi Ambrosio and Elizabeth Tanner

(Woodhead publishing in materials)

Woodhead Publishing, 2012

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Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

There have been important developments in materials and therapies for the treatment of spinal conditions. Biomaterials for spinal surgery summarises this research and how it is being applied for the benefit of patients. After an introduction to the subject, part one reviews fundamental issues such as spinal conditions and their pathologies, spinal loads, modelling and osteobiologic agents in spinal surgery. Part two discusses the use of bone substitutes and artificial intervertebral discs whilst part three covers topics such as the use of injectable biomaterials like calcium phosphate for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty as well as scoliosis implants. The final part of the book summarises developments in regenerative therapies such as the use of stem cells for intervertebral disc regeneration. With its distinguished editors and international team of contributors, Biomaterials for spinal surgery is a standard reference for both those developing new biomaterials and therapies for spinal surgery and those using them in clinical practice.

Table of Contents

Contributor contact details Chapter 1: Introduction to biomaterials for spinal surgery Abstract: 1.1 Introduction 1.2 Total disc replacement 1.3 Nucleus pulposus replacement 1.4 Materials for spinal applications 1.5 Conclusions Part I: Fundamentals of biomaterials for spinal surgery Chapter 2: An overview of the challenges of bringing a medical device for the spine to the market Abstract: 2.1 Introduction 2.2 Selection and sourcing of materials in medical device developments 2.3 Biocompatibility testing 2.4 Medical device regulation 2.5 Conclusions 2.6 Acknowledgement Chapter 3: Introduction to spinal pathologies and clinical problems of the spine Abstract: 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Degenerative spine disease 3.3 Spinal trauma 3.4 Spinal deformity 3.5 Malignancy 3.6 Infection 3.7 Conclusions Chapter 4: Forces on the spine Abstract: 4.1 Introduction 4.2 In vivo measured components of spinal loads 4.3 In vitro measured spinal load components 4.4 Analytical models for spinal load estimation 4.5 Recommendations for the simulations of loads for in vitro and numerical studies 4.6 Conclusions Chapter 5: Finite element modelling of the spine Abstract: 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Functional spine biomechanics and strength of numerical explorations 5.3 Geometrical approximations in spine finite element modelling 5.4 Numerical approximations: accuracy and computational cost 5.5 Constitutive models for the spine tissues 5.6 Simulating the mechanical loads on the spine 5.7 Model verifications and interpretations: the validation concept and quantitative validation 5.8 Future trends and conclusions: the virtual physiological spine Chapter 6: Osteobiologic agents in spine surgery Abstract: 6.1 Introduction 6.2 Bone formation and healing 6.3 Osteobiologics for spine fusion 6.4 Bone growth factors 6.5 Cellular biologics 6.6 Conclusions Part II: Spinal fusion and intervertebral discs Chapter 7: Spine fusion: cages, plates and bone substitutes Abstract: 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Spine fusion: historical concerns and surgical skills 7.3 Bone substitutes in spine fusion 7.4 Bone growth factors 7.5 Autologous bone marrow 7.6 Future trends Chapter 8: Artificial intervertebral discs Abstract: 8.1 Introduction 8.2 Structure and function of the intervertebral disc 8.3 The artificial intervertebral disc: design and materials 8.4 Fibre-reinforced composite materials: basic principles 8.5 Composite biomimetic artificial intervertebral discs 8.6 Future trends and conclusions Chapter 9: Biological response to artificial discs Abstract: 9.1 Introduction 9.2 The healing response to intervertebral disc implants 9.3 Infection as a cause of failure of implants 9.4 Loosening and the reaction to the products of wear and corrosion 9.5 Carcinogenicity and genotoxicity of metal implants 9.6 Conclusions Part III: Vertebroplasty and scoliosis surgery Chapter 10: The use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in neurosurgery Abstract: 10.1 Introduction: a history of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 10.2 Characteristics of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 10.3 Preparation of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) for use in clinical practice 10.4 Clinical use of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) in neurosurgery 10.5 Developments in polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 10.6 Conclusions Chapter 11: Optimising the properties of injectable materials for vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty Abstract: 11.1 Introduction 11.2 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) based bone cements 11.3 Calcium phosphate and calcium sulfate based bone cements 11.4 Conclusions Chapter 12: Injectable calcium phosphates for vertebral augmentation Abstract: 12.1 Introduction 12.2 Polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) 12.3 Calcium phosphate cements 12.4 Conclusions Chapter 13: Composite injectable materials for vertebroplasty Abstract: 13.1 Introduction: a background on the use of composites in vertebroplasty 13.2 Properties of composites for vertebroplasty 13.3 Further development in composite injectable materials 13.4 Conclusions Chapter 14: Scoliosis implants: surgical requirements Abstract: 14.1 Introduction 14.2 Definition of scoliosis 14.3 Management of scoliosis 14.4 General principles for spinal fusion 14.5 Outcomes in scoliosis surgery 14.6 Future development of biomechanical implants 14.7 Conclusions 14.8 Sources of further information Chapter 15: Shape memory, superelastic and low YoungaEURO (TM)s modulus alloys Abstract: 15.1 Introduction 15.2 Fundamental characteristics of shape memory and superelastic alloys 15.3 Low Young's modulus alloys 15.4 Metals required for spinal surgery 15.5 Conclusions 15.6 Acknowledgements Part IV: Regenerative medicine in the spine Chapter 16: Cell-based tissue engineering approaches for disc regeneration Abstract: 16.1 Introduction 16.2 Rationale behind the use of cells 16.3 Choice of cell type (not including mesenchymal stem cells) 16.4 Current issues to be addressed 16.5 Future trends and conclusions 16.6 Sources of further information Chapter 17: Angiogenesis control in spine regeneration Abstract: 17.1 Introduction 17.2 The role and the mechanisms of angiogenesis 17.3 Physiological and pathological vascularisation of different intervertebral disc (IVD) histological compartments 17.4 Strategies to promote angiogenesis in tissue regeneration 17.5 Angiogenesis inhibition in intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration and other clinical applications 17.6 Future trends 17.7 Sources of further information 17.8 Acknowledgements Chapter 18: Stem cells for disc regeneration Abstract: 18.1 Introduction 18.2 Tissue engineering solutions for intervertebral disc (IVD) disease 18.3 Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) and regeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD) 18.4 Regeneration of the annulus 18.5 Use of scaffolds with mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) for intervertebral disc (IVD) regeneration 18.6 Future trends 18.7 Conclusions Chapter 19: Nucleus regeneration Abstract: 19.1 Introduction 19.2 The intervertebral disc: anatomy, structure and function 19.3 Mechanics-biology interrelation 19.4 Annulus, nucleus and entire intervertebral disc: the tissue engineering approach 19.5 Conclusions Chapter 20: In vivo models of regenerative medicine in the spine Abstract: 20.1 Introduction 20.2 Selecting an animal model 20.3 Intervertebral spinal fusion 20.4 Degenerative disc disease 20.5 Future trends and conclusions 20.6 Acknowledgements Index

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Details

  • NCID
    BB09213045
  • ISBN
    • 9781845699864
  • Country Code
    uk
  • Title Language Code
    eng
  • Text Language Code
    eng
  • Place of Publication
    Cambridge
  • Pages/Volumes
    xvii, 622 p.
  • Size
    25 cm
  • Parent Bibliography ID
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