Reason and responsibility : readings in some basic problems of philosophy
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Reason and responsibility : readings in some basic problems of philosophy
Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, c2011
14th ed., International ed.
- pbk.
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Includes bibliographical references
Description and Table of Contents
Description
This best-selling text has long been the standard by which other introductory philosophy anthologies are judged. The fourteenth edition of "Reason and Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy, International Edition" carries on the book's tradition of comprehensiveness and clarity with a proven selection of essential readings. "Reason and Responsibility" provides a comprehensive anthology of high-quality primary readings, organized topically and drawn from historical and contemporary sources. The scope of the text's readings - 88 in all - covers the central issues in metaphysics, epistemology, philosophy of religion, philosophy of mind, and ethics. This new edition features more readings than ever before and new sections on the value of philosophy, the nature of knowledge, and the meaning of life. It also upholds the anthology's traditional emphasis on high-quality translations and full-length articles. Newly revised, concise introductions provide students with reading tips and background information that allow them to engage directly with the primary sources.
With "Reason and Responsibility: Readings in Some Basic Problems of Philosophy, International Edition" you don't have to spend valuable time assembling material for your introductory philosophy class - this proven collection offers a comprehensive selection of essential, engaging readings that instructors have turned to for decades.
Table of Contents
JOEL FEINBERG (1926-2004): IN MEMORIAM. Preface. About Our Website. THE NATURE AND VALUE OF PHILOSOPHY. Plato, Euthyphro. Bertrand Russell, The Value of Philosophy. Part I: REASON AND RELIGIOUS BELIEF. 1. THE EXISTENCE OF GOD. Anselm of Canterbury, The Ontological Argument, from Proslogion. Gaunilo of Marmoutiers, On Behalf of the Fool. William L. Rowe, The Ontological Argument. Thomas Aquinas, The Five Ways, from Summa Theologica. Samuel Clarke, A Modern Formulation of the Cosmological Argument. William L. Rowe, The Cosmological Argument. William Paley, The Argument from Design. David Hume, Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion, II-XI. 2. THE PROBLEM OF EVIL. Fyodor Dostoevsky, Rebellion, from The Brothers Karamazov. J. L. Mackie, Evil and Omnipotence. Robert Merrihew Adams, Must God Create the Best? Richard Swinburne, Why God Allows Evil, from Is there a God? B. C. Johnson, God and the Problem of Evil. 3. REASON AND FAITH. W. K. Clifford, The Ethics of Belief. William James, The Will to Believe. Kelly James Clark, Without Evidence or Argument. Blaise Pascal, The Wager. Simon Blackburn, Miracles and Testimony, from Think. PART II: HUMAN KNOWLEDGE: ITS GROUNDS AND LIMITS. 4. SKEPTICISM. John Pollock, A Brain in a Vat. Michael Huemer, Three Skeptical Arguments. Roderick M. Chisholm, The Problem of the Criterion. 5. THE NATURE OF KNOWLEDGE. Plato, Knowledge as Justified True Belief, from Theaetetus. Edmund Gettier, Is Justified True Belief Knowledge? James Cornman, Keith Lehrer, and George Pappas, An Analysis of Knowledge. 6. OUR KNOWLEDGE OF THE EXTERNAL WORLD. Bertrand Russell, Appearance and Reality and the Existence of Matter. Rene Descartes, Meditations on First Philosophy. John Locke, The Causal Theory of Perception, from An Essay Concerning Human Understanding. George Berkeley, Of the Principles of Human Knowledge. Thomas Reid, Of the Existence of a Material World, from Inquiry into the Human Mind on the Principles of Common Sense. G. E. Moore, Proof of an External World. 7. THE METHODS OF SCIENCE. David Hume, An Enquiry Concerning Human Understanding, II, IV-VII. Wesley C. Salmon, An Encounter with David Hume. Karl Popper, Conjectures and Refutations. Philip Kitcher, Believing Where We Cannot Prove, from Abusing Science. PART III: MIND AND ITS PLACE IN NATURE. 8. THE MIND-BODY PROBLEM. Brie Gertler, In Defense of Mind-Body Dualism. Frank Jackson, The Qualia Problem. Peter Carruthers, The Mind is the Brain, from Introducing Persons. Paul M. Churchland, Functionalism and Eliminative Materialism, from Matter and Consciousness. 9. CAN NONHUMANS THINK? Alan Turing, Computing Machinery and Intelligence. John R. Searle, Minds, Brains, and Programs. William G. Lycan, Robots and Minds, from Consciousness. Peter Carruthers, Brute Experience. John R. Searle, Animal Minds. 10. PERSONAL IDENTITY AND THE SURVIVAL OF DEATH. John Locke, The Prince and the Cobbler, from An Essay concerning Human Understanding. Thomas Reid, Of Mr. Locke's Account of Identity, from Essays on the Intellectual Powers of Man. David Hume, The Self, from A Treatise of Human Nature. Derek Parfit, Divided Minds and the Nature of Persons. Daniel Dennett, Where am I? from Brainstorms. John Perry, A Dialogue on Personal Identity and Immortality. PART IV: DETERMINISM, FREE WILL, AND RESPONSIBILITY. 11. THE MYSTERIES OF FREE WILL. Peter van Inwagen, Freedom of the Will. 12. LIBERTARIANISM: THE CASE FOR FREE WILL AND ITS INCOMPATIBILITY WITH DETERMINISM. Roderick M. Chisholm, Human Freedom and the Self. Robert Kane, Free Will: Ancient Dispute, New Themes. 13. HARD DETERMINISM: THE CASE FOR DETERMINISM AND ITS INCOMPATIBILITY WITH ANY IMPORTANT SENSE OF FREE WILL. Paul Holbach, The Illusion of Free Will, from System of Nature. Derk Pereboom, Why We Have No Free Will and Can Live Without It. 14. COMPATIBILISM: THE CASE FOR DETERMINISM AND ITS COMPATIBILITY WITH THE MOST IMPORTANT SENSE OF FREE WILL. David Hume, Of Liberty and Necessity, from An Enquiry concerning Human Understanding. A. J. Ayer, Freedom and Necessity, from Philosophical Essays. 15. FREEDOM AND MORAL RESPONSIBILITY. James Rachels, The Debate over Free Will. Harry Frankfurt, Alternate Possibilities and Moral Responsibility. Thomas Nagel, Moral Luck. Susan Wolf, Sanity and the Metaphysics of Responsibility. PART V: MORALITY AND ITS CRITICS. 16. CHALLENGES TO MORALITY. Joel Feinberg, Psychological Egoism. James Rachels, Ethical Egoism, from Elements of Moral Philosophy. Plato, The Immoralist's Challenge, from Republic Book II. Friedrich Nietzsche, Master and Slave Morality, from Beyond Good and Evil. 17. PROPOSED STANDARDS OF RIGHT CONDUCT Russ Shafer-Landau, Ethical Subjectivism. Martha Nussbaum, Judging Other Cultures: The Case of Genital Mutilation. Aristotle, Virtue and the Good Life, from Nicomachean Ethics. Thomas Hobbes, Leviathan, Part I, Chapters XIII-XV. John Rawls, Justice as Fairness, from A Theory of Justice. William Lane Craig and Walter Sinnott-Armstrong, God and Objective Morality. Immanuel Kant, The Good Will and The Categorical Imperative, from Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals. John Stuart Mill, Utilitarianism, chapters 1 and 2. W. D. Ross, What Makes Right Acts Right? from The Right and the Good. Hilde Lindemann, What is Feminist Ethics? from An Invitation to Feminist Ethics. 18. ETHICAL PROBLEMS Plato, Crito. Peter Singer, Famine, Affluence, and Morality. John Harris, The Survival Lottery. James Rachels, Active and Passive Euthanasia. Peter Singer, Unsanctifying Human Life. Judith Jarvis Thomson, A Defense of Abortion. Don Marquis, An Argument That Abortion is Wrong. 19. THE MEANING OF LIFE. Epicurus, Letter to Menoeceus. Aldous Huxley, Brave New World. Leo Tolstoy, My Confession. Richard Taylor, The Meaning of Life. Thomas Nagel, The Absurd. Glossary.
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