Free D-amino acids
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書誌事項
Free D-amino acids
（D-amino acids : practical methods and protocols, v.2）（Nova biomedical）
Nova Biomedical Books, c2009
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内容説明・目次
内容説明
D-Amino acids are stereoisomers or optical isomers of naturally occurring L-amino acids. D Amino acids and L-amino acids have almost the same physical and chemical properties. D-Amino acids have been considered to be unnatural substances that are produced only when we synthesise amino acids in laboratories or factories. Indeed, equal amounts of D-amino acids and L-amino acids (racemic mixture) are produced by chemical synthesis. Until recently, living organisms were thought to contain exclusively L-amino acids. Before the emergence of life, D- and L-amino acids should have existed on the primitive earth, because amino acids are considered to be produced under the conditions of high temperature, high pressure and lightning. It is an interesting and important question why D-amino acids were eliminated and organisms have evolved using only L-amino acids. This mystery has not been solved. D-Amino acids have been considered exceptional amino acids that exist only in prokaryotes and a part of lower organisms. However, the development and improvement of analytical instruments and methods have revealed that D-amino acids are present in organisms far more in the amount and extent than previously considered. It has become clear that D-amino acids are present in invertebrates and vertebrates including humans and that some of D-amino acids have important physiological functions. Biological systems for synthesis and degradation of D-amino acids have also been found. This volume is dedicated to analytical methods for Free D-Amino acids.
目次
- Preface
- A Systematic Approach to the Brain D-Serine System
- Immunohistochemical Study of D-Serine
- Immunohistochemistry for D-Serine in Brain
- Brain Slice Preparation for Evaluation of the Pathophysiological Functions of D-Serine
- Nephrotoxicity of D-Serine in Rats
- Preparation of a Polyclonal Antiserum against D-Aspartate
- Vesicular Storage in & Secretion of D-Aspartate from Neuroendocrine Cells
- D-Aspartate in Frog Harderian Gland
- The Endocrine Regulation of the Testis is mediated by D-Aspartic Acid: A Study in the Lizard Podarcis S. Sicula
- D-Aspartic Acid in the Nervous System of a Mollusc: An Immunohistochemical Protocol
- Analysis, Distribution, & Physiological Functions of Free D-Alanine in Aquatic Invertebrates
- D-Glutamic Acid Induced Muscle Contraction in Silkworm Larva
- Primary Study of D-Amino Acid Accumulation System
- D-Amino Acids & Immune Response
- Considerations for the use of 'Rapid' Cell Superfusion & Voltage Clamp to Investigate the Role of Rare Amino Acids in Synaptic Transmission
- Are D-Amino Acids Prevalent among Eukaryotes?
- Nutritional Evaluation of D-Amino Acids
- D-Amino Acids in Food
- D-Amino Acid Determination in Foods, Beverages, & Biological Samples
- Gas Chromatographic Determination of D-Amino Acids in Food & Beverages
- Index.
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