Inhalation studies : foundations and techniques
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Bibliographic Information
Inhalation studies : foundations and techniques
Informa Healthcare, c2009
2nd ed
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Note
Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-257) and index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
This significantly updated and expanded new edition presents the scientific foundations of inhalation research essential to the design and conduct of toxicologic studies. It incorporates the major advances that have been made in the field, including recent advances in biology and the rapidly increasing global concerns and studies on particulate air pollution.
The Second Edition was motivated by:
new developments in the ultrafine particle health effects and concentrated aerosol research
advances in understanding postnatal lung growth and the deposition and clearance of inhaled particles
new techniques in toxicity testing
the explosion of knowledge in the genetic and molecular realms
the introduction of a large number of transgenic animal models
updated ethical guidelines for animal testing
the emergence of aerosol medicine
the growing threat of aerosol-related terrorism
increased appreciation of nonpulmonary effects of inhaled substances
use of medical scanning techniques to study respiratory tract structure
the introduction of new inhalation exposure systems
the emergence of aerosol concentrators for use in air pollution studies
Table of Contents
1. Aerosols and Gases. Introduction. Direct Observation of Aerosol Particles. Cigarette Smoke: A Familiar Aerosol System. Particle Size. Size Distributions. Aerosol Properties. Aerosol Dynamics. Particle Size and Toxicity. Properties of Gases. 2.The Respiratory Tract. Introduction. Postnatal Development. Compartments. Gross Anatomy. Cells and Tissues. Ventilation. Deposition of Inhaled Particles. Uptake of Inhaled Gases. Defenses. 3. Establishing and Controlling Exposures. Introduction. Cleaning and Conditioning. Throughput Air. Aerosol Generation. Gas Generation. Mixed Aerosols and Gases. Principles for Stabilizing the Exposure Atmosphere. 4. Characterizing Exposures. Introduction. The Breathing Zone. What should be Measured? Instrumentation. Eliminating Measurement Interferences. Sampling Protocols. 5. Methods for Exposing Subjects. Introduction. Basic Types of Exposure Systems. Aging the Atmosphere. Ammonia as a Contaminant. Determination of the Inhaled Dose. Ethical Responsibilities of the Investigators. 6 Testing for Toxicity. Introduction. Qantitation. Anatomical Considerations. Morphometry. Pulmonary Function. Other Endpoints. Controls. Batteries of Endpoints. 7. Experimental Designs. Introduction. Basic Statistical Considerations. Examples of Common Designs. Multicomponent Atmospheres. 8. Facilities and Support Considerations. Introduction. Facilities Components. Facilities Location. 9. Animal Models. Introduction. Extrapolation from Laboratory Animals to Humans. Comparative Dose Distribution. Comparative Physiology and Anatomy. Common Laboratory Animal Models. 10. Regulations and Guidelines. Introduction. Guidelines vs. Regulations. Protection of Laboratory Personnel. Protection of Research Subjects. Inhalation Toxicity Testing Guidelines.
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