The grand medieval bestiary : animals in illuminated manuscripts
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The grand medieval bestiary : animals in illuminated manuscripts
Abbeville Press, 2012
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内容説明
As the 587 colorful images in this magnificent volume reveal, animals were a constant -- and delightful -- presence in illuminated manuscripts throughout the Middle Ages. Many proto-zoological illustrations, of great charm but variable accuracy, are found in the bestiaries, or compendiums of animal lore, that were exceedingly popular in the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. But animals are depicted in every other sort of illuminated manuscript as well, from the eighth-century Echternach Gospels, with its geometrically schematized symbols of the Evangelists, to the early fifteenth-century Tres Riches Heures du Duc de Berry, with its famously naturalistic scenes of peasant and aristocratic life. In his insightful opening chapters, the noted art historian Christian Heck explains that the prevalence of animals in illuminated manuscripts reflects their importance in medieval thought, an importance due in part to the agricultural society of that age, in which a variety of species--and not just docile pets--were the daily companions of man.
Animals also had a greater symbolic significance than they do today: in popular fables, such as those of Reynard the Fox, they held up a mirror to the follies of mankind, and on the religious plane, they were understood as an integral part of God's creation, whose attributes and behaviors could be taken as clues to His plan of salvation. The main part of the book explores the complex and fascinating iconography of the individual creatures most frequently depicted by medieval miniaturists. It is arranged in the manner of a proper bestiary, with essays on one hundred animals alphabetized by their Latin names, from the alauda, or lark, whose morning song was thought to be a hymn to Creation, to the vultur, which enjoyed a certain respect due to its impressive appearance, but whose taste for carrion also made it a symbol of the sinner who indulges in worldly pleasures. The selection includes a number of creatures that would now be considered fantastic, including the griffin, the manticore, and of course the fabled unicorn, tamable only by a gentle maiden.
Not merely a study of art history, The Grand Medieval Bestiary uses a theme of timeless interest to present a panorama of medieval life and thought that will captivate even the most sophisticated modern reader.
目次
Introduction 9 I Man and Animal in the Medieval World Chapter 1 * Poetry, Symbols, and Presence in the World 17 Chapter 2 * A Venerable Companionship, Ceaselessly Reinvented 29 Chapter 3 * Lost Paradises, Battles, and Reconciliations 49 Chapter 4 * A Geography of the Cosmos: Observation and Myth 69 Chapter 5 * Hierarchies and Contraventions, Reason and Unreason 81 Postlude: A Community of Creatures 107 II One Hundred Beasts For the convenience of the reader, the creatures are here alphabetized by their English names. In the book, they appear in Latin order. The Ant and the Antlion (Formica et mirmicoleon) 338 The Antelope (Autalops) 162 The Ass, the Mule, and the Onager (Asinus, mulus et onager) 154 The Basilisk (Basiliscus) 170 The Bat (Vespertilio) 580 The Bear (Ursus) 571 The Beaver (Castor) 219 The Bee (Apis) 136 The Blackbird (Merula) 404 The Boar and the Pig (Aper et porcus) 128 The Bonnacon (Bonnacon) 172 Bovines: The Bull, the Ox, the Cow, and the Calf (Bovini: taurus, bos, vacca, vitulus) 175 The Butterfly (Papilio) 462 The Caladrius (Caladrius) 188 The Camel and the Dromedary (Camelius et dromedarius) 196 The Cat (Musio) 428 The Centaur (Centaurus) 223 The Cinnamon Bird (Cinnamolgus) 241 The Cock and the Hen (Gallus et gallina) 345 The Coot (Fulica) 342 The Crane (Grus) 354 The Crocodile (Crocodilus) 276 The Crow, the Magpie, and the Jay (Cornix, pic, pica et graculus) 263 Crustaceans (Crustata) 280 The Dog (Canis) 202 The Dolphin (Delphin) 291 The Dove, the Pigeon, and the Turtledove (Columba et turtu) 249 The Dragon (Draco) 294 The Duck (Anas) 117 The Eagle (Aquila) 140 The Eel and the Lamprey (Anguilla et lampreda) 120 The Elephant (Elephas) 303 The Ercinee Bird or the Waxwing (Ercinea aves) 322 The Falcon and the Goshawk (Falco et accipiter) 330 Fishes (Pisces) 496 The Fly (Musca) 425 The Fox (Vulpis) 585 The Frog and the Toad (Rana et bufo) 504 The Giraffe (Camelopardus) 192 The Goose (Anser) 125 The Griffin (Gryphus) 348 The Halcyon (Alcyon) 114 The Hedgehog and the Porcupine (Ericius et histrix) 325 The Heron (Ardea) 150 The Hoopoe (Upupa) 567 The Horse (Equus) 308 The Hydra (Hydrus) 366 The Hyena, the Leucrota, the Crocotta, and the Lycaon (Hyaena, leucrota, crocotta et lycaon) 364 The Ibex (Ibex) 370 The Ibis (Ibis) 372 The Kite (Milvus) 409 The Lark (Alauda) 110 The Lion (Leo) 375 The Locust (Locuste) 382 The Lynx (Lynx) 401 The Manticore (Manticora) 402 The Mole (Talpa) 554 The Monkey (Simia) 538 The Mouse (Mus) 418 The Nightingale (Lucinia) 384 The Ostrich (Strutio) 550 The Otter (Lutra) 396 The Owl and the Nycticorax (Bubo et nycticorax) 183 The Panther (Panthera) 458 The Parandus and the Yale (Parandus et eale) 464 The Pard and the Leopard (Pardus et leopardus) 466 The Parrot (Psittacus) 502 The Partridge (Perdix) 487 The Peacock (Pavo) 477 The Pelican (Pelicanus) 480 The Phoenix (Phoenix) 490 The Quail (Coturnix) 273 The Rabbit and the Hare (Cuniculus et lepus) 284 The Raven (Corvus) 267 The Salamander (Salamandra) 509 The Satyr and the Wild Man (Satyrus) 511 The Scorpion (Scorpio) 521 The Seahorse, the Hippocampus, and the Hippopotamus (Equus marinus, hippocampus, hippopotamus) 318 Serpents (Serpentes) 526 The Serra (Serra) 537 Sheep : the Ewe, the Ram, and the Lamb (Ovis: vervex, aries, agnus) 449 The She-goat, the He-goat, and the Kid (Capra, hircus, capretus) 212 Shellfish and Mollusks (Conchae et mulluscae) 257 The Siren (Sirena) 546 The Snail (Cochlea) 243 The Sparrow and Other Songbirds (Passeres) 470 The Spider (Aranea) 146 The Squirrel (Sciurus) 514 The Stag (Cervus) 230 The Stork (Ciconia) 236 The Swallow (Hirundo) 361 The Swan (Olor) 440 The Tiger (Tigris) 561 The Tortoise (Testudo) 557 The Unicorn and the Rhinoceros (Monoceros, unicornis et rhinoceros) 411 The Vulture (Vultur) 590 The Weasel, the Genet, and Other Small Carnivores (Mustela, genetta et aliis minusculi carnivori) 434 The Whale (Balena) 166 The Wolf (Lupus) 387 The Worm (Vermis) 577 NOTES TO CHAPTERS ONE THROUGH FIVE 596 LIST OF MANUSCRIPTS REPRODUCED 598 BIBLIOGRAPHY 603 INDEX OF NAMES 611
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