Clinical orthoptics

著者

書誌事項

Clinical orthoptics

Fiona J. Rowe

Wiley-Blackwell, 2012

3rd ed

  • pbk. : alk. paper

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注記

Includes bibliographical references and index

Previous ed.: 2004

Formerly CIP Uk

収録内容

  • Extraocular muscle anatomy and innervation
  • Binocular single vision
  • Ocular motility
  • Orthoptic investigative procedures
  • Heterophoria
  • Heterotropia
  • Microtropia
  • Amblyopia and visual impairment
  • Aphakia
  • Incomitant strabismus
  • A and V patterns
  • Accommodative and convergence disorders
  • Ptosis and pupils
  • Neurogenic disorders
  • Mechanical disorders
  • Myogenic disorders
  • Craniofacial synostosis
  • Nystagmus
  • Supranuclear and internuclear disorders

内容説明・目次

内容説明

Clinical Orthoptics has become established as a basic reference text providing fundamental information on anatomy, innervation and orthoptic investigation, plus diagnosis and management of strabismus, ocular motility and related disturbances. It is aimed at trainee ophthalmologists and orthoptic undergraduate students. Qualified orthoptists, general ophthalmologists and optometrists will also find valuable guidance in these pages. In this edition, the author has maintained the goal of producing a user-friendly, clinically relevant and succinct book, while revising it to reflect a variety of developments in the field. FEATURES Essential reading for students of orthoptics and ophthalmolology Now fully revised and updated Generously illustrated with photographs and line drawings Includes diagnostic aids, case reports, and helpful glossary

目次

Preface xi Acknowledgements xii List of Figures xiii List of Tables xvii Section I 1 1 Extraocular Muscle Anatomy and Innervation 3 Muscle pulleys 3 Ocular muscles 5 Innervation 10 Associated cranial nerves 12 References 15 Further reading 16 2 Binocular Single Vision 17 Worth's classification 17 Development 17 Retinal correspondence 19 Physiology of stereopsis 20 Fusion 23 Retinal rivalry 24 Suppression 24 Diplopia 25 References 27 Further reading 28 3 Ocular Motility 29 Saccadic system 29 Smooth pursuit system 31 Vergence system 33 Vestibular-ocular response and optokinetic response 35 Brainstem control 37 Muscle sequelae 39 Past-pointing 40 Bell's phenomenon 41 References 41 Further reading 43 4 Orthoptic Investigative Procedures 45 Visual acuity 45 Cover test 60 Ocular motility 64 Accommodation and convergence 68 Retinal correspondence 73 Fusion 77 Stereopsis 82 Suppression 89 Synoptophore 91 Aniseikonia 97 Fixation 98 Measurement of deviations 99 Hess charts 105 Field of binocular single vision 108 Uniocular field of vision 110 Measurement of torsion 111 Parks-Helveston three-step test 113 Diplopia charts 113 Bielchowsky phenomenon (dark wedge test) 115 Forced duction test 115 Forced generation test 115 Orthoptic exercises 115 References 119 Further reading 124 Section II 129 5 Heterophoria 131 Classification 131 Aetiology 131 Causes of decompensation 132 Esophoria 132 Exophoria 132 Hyperphoria/hypophoria 133 Alternating hyperphoria 133 Alternating hypophoria 133 Cyclophoria 133 Incomitant heterophoria 133 Hemifield slide 133 Investigation of heterophoria 134 Management 135 References 136 Further reading 137 6 Heterotropia 138 Esotropia 138 Factors necessary for development of binocular single vision 139 Constant esotropia with an accommodative element 140 Constant esotropia without an accommodative element 141 Accommodative esotropia 146 Relating to fixation distance 151 Exotropia 155 Hypertropia 168 Hypotropia 168 Cyclotropia 169 Dissociated vertical deviation 170 Dissociated horizontal deviation 172 Quality of life 173 Pseudostrabismus 174 References 175 Further reading 184 7 Microtropia 189 Terminology 189 Classification 190 Investigation 191 Management 194 References 194 Further reading 195 8 Amblyopia and Visual Impairment 197 Classification 197 Aetiology 197 Investigation 198 Management 199 Eccentric fixation 205 Cerebral visual impairment 205 Delayed visual maturation 206 PHACE syndrome 207 References 207 Further reading 212 9 Aphakia 215 Methods of correction 215 Investigation 215 Problems with unilateral aphakia 216 Management 216 References 218 Further reading 219 Section III 221 10 Incomitant Strabismus 223 Aetiology 223 Aid to diagnosis 225 Diplopia 226 Abnormal head posture 227 References 230 Further reading 231 11 A and V Patterns 232 Classification 232 Aetiology 232 Investigation 236 Management 238 References 241 Further reading 243 12 Accommodation and Convergence Disorders 245 Accommodative disorders 245 Presbyopia - physiological 245 Presbyopia - premature (non-physiological) 246 Accommodative insufficiency 247 Accommodative fatigue 248 Accommodative paralysis 248 Accommodative spasm 249 Accommodative inertia 250 Micropsia 251 Macropsia 251 Convergence anomalies 251 Convergence insufficiency 252 Convergence paralysis 254 Convergence spasm 254 Specific learning difficulty 254 References 255 Further reading 257 13 Ptosis and Pupils 259 Ptosis 259 Marcus Gunn jaw-winking syndrome 263 Lid retraction 264 Pupils 264 References 269 Further reading 271 14 Neurogenic Disorders 272 III (third) cranial nerve 272 IV (fourth) cranial nerve 280 VI (sixth) cranial nerve 288 Multiple sclerosis 292 Acquired motor fusion deficiency 293 Non-accidental injury 294 Premature visual impairment 295 Ophthalmoplegia 296 References 300 Further reading 307 15 Mechanical Paralytic Strabismus 310 Congenital cranial dysinnervation disorders 312 Brown's syndrome 319 Adherence syndrome 324 Moebius syndrome 325 Strabismus fixus syndrome 327 Thyroid eye disease 327 Orbital injuries 333 Blow-out fracture 334 Soft tissue injury 339 Supraorbital fracture 341 Naso-orbital fracture 341 Zygoma fracture 341 Conjunctival shortening syndrome 342 Retinal detachment 342 Cataract 343 Macular translocation surgery 344 References 344 Further reading 350 16 Myogenic Disorders 354 Thyroid eye disease 354 Chronic progressive external ophthalmoplegia 354 Myasthenia gravis 355 Myotonic dystrophy 358 Ocular myositis 358 Kearns-Sayre ophthalmoplegia 359 References 359 Further reading 361 17 Craniofacial Synostoses 362 Plagiocephaly 362 Brachycephaly 362 Scaphocephaly/dolichocephaly 362 Occipital plagiocephaly 362 Apert's syndrome 363 Craniofrontonasal dysplasia 363 Crouzon's syndrome 363 Pfeiffer syndrome 363 Saethre-Chotzen syndrome 364 Unicoronal syndrome 364 General signs and symptoms 364 Ocular signs and symptoms 365 Management 365 References 366 Further reading 367 18 Nystagmus 368 Aetiology 368 Classification 368 Investigation 373 Management 375 References 378 Further reading 380 19 Supranuclear and Internuclear Disorders 382 Saccadic movement disorders 382 Smooth pursuit movement disorders 384 Vergence movement disorders 385 Gaze palsy 386 Optokinetic movement disorders 394 Vestibular movement disorders 395 Brainstem syndromes 395 Skew deviation 397 Ocular tilt reaction 398 Ocular investigation 398 Management options 400 References 401 Further reading 405 Section IV Appendices 407 Diagnostic Aids 409 Abbreviations of Orthoptic Terms 418 Diagrammatic Recording of Ocular Motility 424 Diagrammatic Recording of Nystagmus 426 Glossary 428 Case Reports 441 Index 459

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