Anoxia : evidence for eukaryote survival and paleontological strategies
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Bibliographic Information
Anoxia : evidence for eukaryote survival and paleontological strategies
（Cellular origin and life in extreme habitats and astrobiology, v. 21）
Springer, c2012
- : [hardcover]
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Includes bibliographical references and indexes
Description and Table of Contents
Description
ANOXIA defines the lack of free molecular oxygen in an environment. In the presence of organic matter, anaerobic prokaryotes produce compounds such as free radicals, hydrogen sulfide, or methane that are typically toxic to aerobes. The concomitance of suppressed respiration and presence of toxic substances suggests these habitats are inhospitable to Eukaryota. Ecologists sometimes term such environments 'Death Zones'. This book presents, however, a collection of remarkable adaptations to anoxia, observed in Eukaryotes such as protists, animals, plants and fungi. Case studies provide evidence for controlled beneficial use of anoxia by, for example, modification of free radicals, use of alternative electron donors for anaerobic metabolic pathways, and employment of anaerobic symbionts. The complex, interwoven existence of oxic and anoxic conditions in space and time is also highlighted as is the idea that eukaryotic inhabitation of anoxic habitats was established early in Earth history.
Table of Contents
Introduction, Joseph Seckbach. Stepping into the book of Eukaryotes and Anoxia, Alexander Altenbach, Joan Bernhard, Joseph Seckbach. List of Authors and their Addresses. List of External Reviewers and Referees. Acknowledgment to authors, reviewers and any special people who assisted.
PART I: GENERAL INTRODUCTION
Anaerobic eukaryotes, Tom Fenchel. Biogeochemical reactions in marine sediments underlying anoxic water bodies, Tina Treude. Diversity of anaerobic prokaryotes and eukaryotes - breaking long-established dogmas, Aharon Oren.
PART II: FUNCTIONAL BIOCHEMISTRY
The biochemical adaptations of mitochondrion-related organelles of parasitic and free-living microbial eukaryotes to low oxygen environments, Anastasios Tsaousis et al. Hydrogenosomes and mitosomes: mitochondrial adaptations to life in anaerobic environments, Rob De Graaf and Johannes Hackstein. Adapting to hypoxia: lessons from vascular endothelial growth factor, Nina and Andy Levy.
PART III: MANAGING ANOXIA
Magnetotactic protists at the oxic-anoxic transition zones of coastal aquatic environments, Dennis A. Bazylinski et al. A novel ciliate (Ciliophora: Hypotrichida) isolated from bathyal anoxic sediments, David J. Baudoin et al. The wood-eating termite hindgut: diverse cellular symbioses in a microoxic to anoxic environment, Michael F. Dolan. Ecological and experimental exposure of insects to anoxia reveals suprising tolerance, William W. Hoback. The unusual response of encysted embryos of the animal extremophile, Artemia franciscana, to prolonged anoxia, James S. Clegg. Survival of tardigrades in extreme environments - a model animal for astrobiology, Daiki Horikawa. Long-term anoxia-tolerance in flowering plants, Robert M.M. Crawford.
PART IV: FORAMINIFERA
Benthic Foraminifera: inhabitants of low-oxygen environments, Karoliina Koho and Elisa Pina-Ochoa. Ecological and biological response of benthic Foraminifera under oxygen-depleted conditions: evidence from laboratory approaches, Petra Heinz and Emmanuele Geslin. The response of benthic Foraminifera to low-oxygen conditions of the Peruvian oxygen minimum zone, Jurgen Mallon et al. Benthic foraminiferal communities and microhabitat selection on the continental shelf off central Peru, Jorge Cardich et al.
PART V: ZONES AND REGIONS
Living assemblages from the "Dead Zone" and naturally occurring hypoxic zones, Kurt R. Buck et al. The return of shallow shelf seas as extreme environments: Anoxia and macrofauna reactions in the northern Adriatic Sea, Michael Stachowitsch et al. Meiobenthos of the oxic/anoxic interface in the south-western region of the Black Sea: abundance and taxonomic composition, Nelli G. Sergeeva et al. The role of eukaryotes in the anaerobic food web of stratified lakes, Alessandro Sacca. The anoxic Framvaren fjord as a model system to study protistan diversity and evolution, Thorsten Stoeck and Anke Behnke. Characterizing an anoxic habitat: sulphur bacteria in a meromictic alpine lake, Giesela Fritz et al. Ophel, the newly discovered hypoxic chemolitho-autotrophic groundwater biome - a window to ancient animal life, Franzis Dov Por. Microbial eukaryotes in the marine subsurface? Virginia P. Edgcomb and Jennifer Biddle.
PART VI: MODERN ANALOGS AND TEMPLATES FOR EARTH HISTORY
On the use of stable nitrogen isotopes in present and past anoxic environments, Ulrich Struck. Carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation in Foraminifera: possible signatures from anoxia, Alexander V. Altenbach et al. The functionality of pores in benthic Foraminifera in view of bottom water oxygenation. A review, Nicolaas Glock et al. Anoxia-dysoxia at the sediment-water interface of the southern Tethys in the late Cretaceous: Mishash formation, southern Israel, Ahuva Almogi-Labin. Styles of agglutination in benthic Foraminifera from modern Santa Barbara basin sediments and the implications of finding fossil analogs in Devonian and Mississippian black shales, Jurgen Schieber. Did redox conditions trigger test templates in Proterozoic Foraminifera? Alexander V. Altenbach and Maren Gaulke. The relevance of anoxic and agglutinated benthic Foraminifera to the possible Archean evolution of eukaryotes, Wladyslaw Altermann et al.
PART VII: FINALS.
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