The archaeology of the first farmer-herders in Egypt : new insights into the Fayum Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic
著者
書誌事項
The archaeology of the first farmer-herders in Egypt : new insights into the Fayum Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic
（Archaeological studies Leiden University, 21）
Leiden University Press, c2010
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注記
Text in English, summary in Dutch and English
Originally presented as the author's thesis (doctorate)--Universiteit Leiden, 2010
Includes bibliographical references (p. 343-373)
内容説明・目次
内容説明
The Archaeology of the First Farmer-Herders in Egypt explores how and why farming and herding started in a particular time period in a particular region of Egypt. The earliest Neolithic farming in combination with herding in Egypt is known in the Fayum, which is a large oasis with a permanent lake in the Egyptian Western Desert. Farming and herding started at the transition from the Epipalaeolithic to Neolithic in the 6th millennium cal.BC owing to the arrival of Levantine domesticates. The Neolithic farmer-herders in the Fayum relied heavily on hunting and fishing, which had been the major subsistence activities since the Epipalaeolithic period. There are no remains of substantial dwellings to indicate that these farmer-herders lived a sedentary way of life. Previous researchers have thus asserted that the Fayum people were nomadic and moved seasonally. Noriyuki Shirai's research on lithic artefacts used by the Epipalaeolithic hunter-fishers and Neolithic farmer-herders in the Fayum gives a clue as to the mobility and residential strategy of the Fayum people and their time and labour investments in tool production.
Lithic evidence suggests that the Fayum people were not nomadic but were tethered to lakeshores. The introduction of farming and herding would not have taken place in the Fayum without a lakeshore-tethered if not fully sedentary way of life. But the success of a farming-herding way of life in the Fayum would not have been possible without the reorganisation of mobility, which led to decreased moves of residential bases and increased logistical moves of individuals. Lithic evidence also suggests that the Fayum People kept exerting special efforts to make farming and herding reliable subsistence and to maximise the yield. The introduction of farming and herding in the Fayum would have been a solution to mitigate growing population/resource imbalances when the climate became drier and more people had to aggregate around permanent water sources in the 6th millennium cal.BC. Archaeological Studies Leiden University (ASLU) is a series of the Faculty of Archaeology, Leiden University since 1998.
The series' aim is to publish Research and PhD theses of Archeology and covers the international research fields of European Prehistory, Classical-, Near Eastern-, Indian American- and Science-based Archeology.
目次
The Archaeology of the First Farmer-Herders in Egypt - 2 Contents - 6 Preface - 13 1. Introduction - 14 2. Neolithisation in Egypt in a wider context - 20 3. Background to research in the Fayum - 46 4. Explanatory and predictive models for the beginning of farming and herding in the Fayum - 94 5. The Fayum Epipalaeolithic and Neolithic in the light of new survey results - 132 6. Lithic technological organisation and mobility in the Fayum Epipalaeolithic - 196 7. Lithic technological organisation and mobility in the Fayum Neolithic - 254 8. The diffusion of material culture and domesticates from the Levant to Egypt - 324 9. Synthesis - 350 References - 356 English Summary - 388 Nederlandse samenvatting - 390 List of figures - 392 List of tables - 398 Acknowledgements - 401 Curriculum Vitae - 402
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