Child soldiers : a reference handbook

Author(s)

• Rosen, David M.

Bibliographic Information

Child soldiers : a reference handbook

David M. Rosen

（Contemporary world issues）

ABC-CLIO, c2012

Note

Includes bibliographical references and index

Description and Table of Contents

Description

This book exposes the role of children in war, describing where, why, and how children are deployed, the attempts made by international organizations to protect children, and the underlying political and cultural issues that make this such a thorny issue. In conflict-torn countries such as Myanmar and Uganda, the use of child soldiers in military and paramilitary operations continues to occur despite widespread condemnation and the efforts of organizations such as the Coalition to Stop the Use of Child Soldiers. This book will allow readers to grasp the impact of this issue for both individuals and nations worldwide. Child Soldiers: A Reference Handbook traces the evolution of child soldiers from approximately 1940 onwards, covering important historical to modern conflicts. The subject is discussed from a global perspective, with particular attention given to areas where the use of child soldiers is most prevalent. The book covers the complex underlying reasons for the continued use of child soldiers in the modern world, examines the political and psychological consequences of using children-both male and female-in military and paramilitary organizations, and describes how this subject has been addressed by international law and various human rights organizations.

Table of Contents

Preface 1 Background and History Defining the "Problem" of Child Soldiers Where Are the Child Soldiers? A New International Problem but a Very Old Situation Curbing Child Recruitment: The Problem of Armed Groups Using Law to End the Use of Child Soldiers First Steps: The Geneva Conventions Protecting Child Combatants: The 1977 Additional Protocols The Rome Statute: Setting Equal Standards Child Soldiers and International Customary Law Who Is a Child? Straight-18: The Human Rights Position in the Convention on the Rights of the Child Moving toward Age 18 International Treaties, Children's Rights, and the Definition of Childhood Common Assumptions about Child Soldiers Assumption 1: Children Are Vulnerable Assumption 2: All Child Soldiers Are Abused and Exploited Assumption 3: Child Soldiers Are a Product of the New Barbarism of War The Role of Humanitarian Groups and "Civil Society," References 2 Problems, Controversies, and Solutions Ending the Use of Child Soldiers: Problems and Solutions The Issue of Exceptions: Wars of National Liberation The Complexities of Treaties and International Law When Treaties Bind Nonsignatories Using Customary Law: The Case of Sierra Leone Captured Child Combatants Children's Rights and the Straight-18 Position Inventing a Universal Definition of Childhood Human Rights and the Realities of International Law Who Is a Child? International Law and Local Understandings of Childhood The Boundaries between Childhood and Adulthood Civil Society and Social Change Child Soldiers in Cross-Cultural and Historical Perspective Who Is a Child Soldier? Expanding the Definition Putting Child Recruiters on Trial The ICC: Cases from the Congo and Uganda The Special Court for Sierra Leone: The Meaning of Recruitment Voluntary Enlistment or Forcible Recruitment? Local Customs, International Interpretations What Constitutes Enlistment? The Implications of an Expanded Definition of Enlistment Putting Children on Trial Age and the Culpability of Children Wrestling with Children's Culpability Age and Culpability in Domestic Courts DDR: Disarming, Demobilizing, and Reintegrating Child Soldiers References 3 Special U.S. Issues Grappling with the Child Soldier Problem: U.S. Achievements and Failures The Recruitment of Child Soldiers The United States and the Optional Protocol U.S. Domestic Legislation Compliance with Domestic Legislation The Protection of Child Soldiers: The United States and the Treatment of Child Captives Rules for the Treatment of Detainees Unlawful Combatants and the War against Terror Detaining Child Soldiers The Treatment of Child Soldiers: The Legal Context Presidential Orders Legal Challenges Putting Child Soldiers on Trial: U.S. Military Commissions The Case of Mohammed Jawad: Tortured for Sport Omar Khadr: The First Child Soldier Tried since World War II Conclusion References 4 Chronology 5 Biographical Sketches Child Soldiers al-Akhras, Ayat Arafat, Yasser Beah, Ishmael Bevistein, Abraham (Aby) Casabianca, Giancomo Clem, John Lincoln Cornwall, John Travers Dayan, Moshe Jackson, Andrew Jal, Emmanuel Jawad, Mohammed Joan of Arc Khadr, Omar Ladd, Luther C. Lucas, Jack Mackenzie, Clarence Murphy, Audie Okafor, Ben Soldaderas Tsam, Herzl Yankl Tungwar, Lam Yurlova, Marina Prominent Recruiters of Child Soldiers Dyilo, Thomas Lubanga Farhat, Maryam Mohammad Yousif Kony, Joseph Taylor, Charles Ghankay Key Figures in the Movement to End the Use of Child Soldiers Becker, Jo Coomaraswamy, Radhika Dellaire, Romeo Machel, Graca Otunnu, Olara A. 6 Data and Documents Data Overview International Treaties Articles Relating to the Protection of Children from the Fourth Geneva Convention Relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War, 12 August 1949 1949 Geneva Conventions Common Article 3 Selections from the Third Convention Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War, Geneva, 12 August 1949 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of International Armed Conflicts (Protocol I), 8 June 1977 Protocol Additional to the Geneva Conventions of 12 August 1949, and Relating to the Protection of Victims of Non-International Armed Conflicts (Protocol II), 8 June 1977 Articles Relating to Child Soldiers from the Convention on the Rights of the Child (1989) Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict (2000) Articles Relating to Child Soldiers from the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court (1998) Statute of the Special Court for Sierra Leone (2000) African Charter on the Rights and Welfare of the Child (1990) Cape Town Principle and Best Practice on the Prevention of Recruitment of Children into the Armed Forces and Demobilization and Social Integration of Child Soldiers in Africa (1997) International Labour Organization Convention 182 Concerning the Prohibition and Immediate Action for the Elimination of the Worst Forms of Child Labour (1999) U.S. Legislation The Child Soldier Prevention Act of 2008 The Child Soldier Accountability Act of 2008 Human Rights Enforcement Act of 2009 7 Directory of Organizations 8 Resources Child Soldiers: General Studies Child Soldiers: Studies of Children at War Policy and Advocacy Human Rights Reports Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration Child Soldiers in History Child Soldiers and International Law: Key Treaties International Criminal Tribunals Child Soldiers: Legal Analyses Autobiographies and Biographies Memorial Books Child Soldiers in Fiction Film and Video Podcasts Glossary Index About the Author

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Details

• NCID: BB11407033
• ISBN:
  • 9781598845266
• LCCN: 2012000449
• Country Code: us
• Title Language Code: eng
• Text Language Code: eng
• Place of Publication: Santa Barbara, Calif.
• Pages/Volumes: xvi, 323 p.
• Size: 24 cm
• Classification:
  • LCC : UB418.C45
  • DC23 : 355.3/3083
• Subject Headings:
  • LCSH : Child soldiers
  • LCSH : Children and war
• Parent Bibliography ID:
  • BA07605706