Solar and infrared radiation measurements
Author(s)
Bibliographic Information
Solar and infrared radiation measurements
(Energy and the environment series)
CRC Press, c2012
- hbk.
Available at / 3 libraries
-
No Libraries matched.
- Remove all filters.
Note
Includes index
Description and Table of Contents
Description
The rather specialized field of solar and infrared radiation measurement has become more and more important in the face of growing demands by the renewable energy and climate change research communities for data that are more accurate and have increased temporal and spatial resolution. Updating decades of acquired knowledge in the field, Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurements details the strengths and weaknesses of instruments used to conduct such solar and infrared radiation measurements.
Topics covered include:
Radiometer design and performance
Equipment calibration, installation, operation, and maintenance
Data quality assessment
Methods to use measured data to estimate irradiance for any surface
With a broad range of content that will benefit students and more experienced readers alike, this resource serves as a primer and technical reference that presents the basic terminology and fundamentals for resource assessment. It explores the history of solar radiation instruments and addresses direct normal, global, diffuse, and tilted measurements, as well as the characteristics of instruments used for these measurements. The authors consider methods of assessing the uncertainty of solar measurements and then cover albedo, infrared, net, and spectral irradiance measurements and instrumentation. The book devotes a section to other meteorological instruments, and another to the basics for installing and operating a solar monitoring station. Appendices include information on solar resource assessment modeling and satellite-derived irradiance, along with other useful material.
This book's authors are experts who each have more than 30 years of experience developing and operating multiple measurement stations, working with industry to improve radiometry, and conducting various research projects.
Table of Contents
Measuring Solar and Infrared Radiation
Solar Resource Definitions and Terminology
Introduction
The Sun
Extraterrestrial Radiation
Solar Coordinates
Zenith, Azimuth, and Hour Angles
Solar, Universal, and Local Standard Time
Solar Position Calculation
Sunrise and Sunset Times
Global, Direct Normal, and Diffuse Irradiance
Solar Radiation on Tilted Surfaces
Spectral Nature of Solar Radiation
Fundamentals of Thermodynamics and Heat Transfer
Photodiodes and Solar Cell Prerequisites
Models
Historic Milestones in Solar and Infrared Radiation Measurement
Introduction
Earliest Observations of the Sun and the Nature of Light
Nineteenth-Century Radiometers
Operational Radiometers of the Twentieth Century
Recent Advances in Solar Measurements
Direct Normal Irradiance
Overview of Direct Normal Irradiance
Pyrheliometer Geometry
Operational Thermopile Pyrheliometers
Absolute Cavity Radiometers
Uncertainty Analysis for Pyrheliometer Calibration
Uncertainty Analysis for Operational Thermopile Pyrheliometers
Uncertainty Analysis for Rotating Shadowband Radiometer Measurements of Direct Normal Irradiance
Direct Normal Irradiance Models
Historical and Current Surface-Measured Direct Normal Irradiance Data
Measuring Global Irradiance
Introduction to Global Horizontal Irradiance Measurements
Black-Disk Thermopile Pyranometers
Black-and-White Pyranometers
Photodiode-Based Pyranometers
Calibration of Pyranometers
Pyranometer Calibration Uncertainties
Diffuse Irradiance
Introduction
The Measurement of Diffuse Irradiance
Calibration of Diffuse Pyranometers
Value of Accurate Diffuse Measurements
Rotating Shadowband Radiometers
Introduction
The Rotating Shadowband Radiometer
The Multifilter Rotating Shadowband Radiometer
Measuring Solar Radiation on a Tilted Surface
Introduction
Effect of Tilt on Single Black Detector Pyranometers
Effect of Tilt on Black-and-White Pyranometers
Effect of Tilt on Photodiode Pyranometers
Recommendations for Tilted Irradiance Measurements
Notes on Modeling PV System Performance with Photodiode Pyranometers
Albedo
Introduction
Broadband Albedo
Spectral Albedo
Bidirectional Reflectance Distribution Function
Albedo Measurements
Infrared Measurements
Introduction
Pyrgeometers
Calibration
Improved Calibrations
Other Pyrgeometer Manufacturers
Operational Considerations
Net Radiation Measurements
Introduction
Single-Sensor (All-Wave) Net Radiometers
Two-Sensor Net Radiometers
Four-Sensor Net Radiometers
Accuracy of Net Radiometers
A Better Net Radiation Standard
Net Radiometer Sources
Solar Spectral Measurements
Introduction
The Extraterrestrial Solar Spectrum
Atmospheric Interactions
Broadband Filter Radiometry
Narrow-Band Filter Radiometry
Spectrometry
Meteorological Measurements
Introduction
Ambient Temperature
Wind Speed and Wind Direction
Relative Humidity
Pressure
Recommended Minimum Accuracies for Operational Instruments
Setting Up a Solar Monitoring Station
Introduction
Choosing a Site
Grounding and Shielding
Data Logger and Communications
Measurement Interval
Cleaning and Maintenance
Record Keeping
Importance of Reviewing Data
Quality Control of Data
Field Calibrations
Physical Layout of a Solar-Monitoring Station
Appendix A: Modeling Solar Radiation
Appendix B: Solar Radiation Estimates Derived from Satellite Measurements
Appendix C: Sun Path Charts
Appendix D: Solar Position Algorithms
Appendix E: Useful Conversion Factors
Appendix F: Sources for Equipment
Appendix G: BORCAL Report
Appendix H: Sunshine Duration
Appendix I: Failure Modes
by "Nielsen BookData"