An introduction to Middle English : grammar : texts

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書誌事項

An introduction to Middle English : grammar : texts

R.D. Fulk

Broadview Press, c2012

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注記

Includes bibliographical references

内容説明・目次

内容説明

An Introduction to Middle English combines an elementary grammar of the English language from about 1100 to about 1500 with a selection of texts for reading, ranging in date from 1154 to 1500. The grammar includes the fundamentals of orthography, phonology, morphology, syntax, regional dialectology, and prosody. In the thirty-eight texts for reading are represented a wide range of Middle English dialects, and the commentary on each text includes, in addition to explanatory notes, extensive linguistic analysis. The book includes many useful figures and illustrations, including images of Middle English manuscripts as an aid to learning to decipher medieval handwriting and maps indicating the geographical extent of dialect features. This introduction to Middle English is based on the latest research, and it provides up-to-date bibliographical guidance to the study of the language.

目次

LIST OF CHARTS LIST OF FACSIMILES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS PREFACE GRAMMAR I. HISTORY, ORTHOGRAPHY, AND PRONUNCIATION A. Historical overview 1. The transition from Old to Middle English. 2. The transition from Middle to Modern English. B. Orthography 3. Phonetic symbols and phonological terms. 4. The alphabet. 5. Sounds andspelling: consonants. 6. Sounds and spelling: vowels. 7. Sample spellings ofstressed vowels. II. PHONOLOGY A. Stress and syllables 8. Lexical stress and syllabification. 9. Phrasal stress. B. Stressed vowels 10. Vowels at the close of the OE period. Quantitative variation: shortening 11. Shortening before consonant groups. 12. Trisyllabic shortening. Quantitative variation: lengthening 13. Lengthening before homorganic consonant clusters. 14. Lengthening in open syllables. 15. Compensatory lengthening. 16. Quantity in words borrowed from French. Qualitative variation: native vowels 17. The OE short low vowels. 18. OE ae. 19. OE a. 20. OE y. 21. OE o. 22. OE diphthongs. 23. The rise of new front diphthongs. 24. The rise of new back diphthongs. Qualitative variation: non-native vowels 25. Vowels in borrowings from Old Norse. 26. Vowels in borrowings from French. 27. Summary of developments in the stressed vowels. 28. The Great Vowel Shift. C. Vowels in syllables of lesser stress 29. Centralization and laxing of unstressed vowels. 30. Loss of final -e. 31. Loss of /a/ in syllables closed by a final consonant. 32. Disyllabic and polysyllabic stems. 33. Vowels of prefixes. 34. Unaccented words. D. Consonants 35. The consonant system of Middle English. 36. Voicing and devoicing. 37. Assimilation. 38. Deletion. 39. ME z and the development of glides. 40. Metathesis, epenthesis, metanalysis. 41. Some dialectal developments. III. MORPHOLOGY A. Nouns 42. Declension in Old English. 43. Reduction of case distinctions. 44. Elimination of grammatical gender. 45. Three declensional classes. 46. Exceptions to the general trend. 47. The inflectional morphology of loaned French nouns. B. Adjectives 48. Definite and indefinite inflection. 49. Strong and weak inflection in ME.50. Comparison of adjectives. C. Numerals 51. Cardinal numbers. 52. Ordinal numbers. D. Pronouns and articles 53. Historical development. Personal pronouns 54. First and second persons. 55. Third person. 56. Possessive pronouns. Demonstrative pronouns and articles 57. The definite article. 58. Demonstrative that. 59. Demonstrative this. 60. Other demonstratives and articles. Interrogative pronouns 61. The OE types and their development. Relative pronouns 62. The OE types and their development. Indefinite pronouns 63. Inventory. E. Verbs 64. Background. Inflections 65. Inflections of the present tense. 66. Inflections of the preterite. Stems: strong 67. Sample paradigm of a strong verb. 68. Principal parts and chief developments.69. Alternate stem types. 70. The seven classes of strong verbs.71. Strong class 1. 72. Strong class 2. 73. Strong class 3. 74. Strong class 4.75. Strong class 5. 76. Strong class 6. 77. Strong class 7. Stems: weak 78. The OE background. 79. Sample paradigms. 80. Variant stem typesof regular verbs. 81. Examples of the stem types. 82. Irregular weak verbs. Preterite-present verbs 83. Background. 84. Inventory. Athematic verbs 85. Background. 86. The verb ben. 87. The verb don. 88. The verb gon. 89. The verb willen. IV. MORPHOSYNTACTIC CHANGE, SYNTAX, AND SEMANTICS A. Historical overview 90. Syntactic and morphosyntactic change. B. The noun phrase and its elements Morphosyntactic properties of nouns and adjectives 91. Gender. 92. Case. 93. Number. 94. Substantive adjectives. 95. Adjectivecomplements. 96. Comparison of adjectives and adverbs. 97. Placement ofadjectives. 98. The position of quantifiers. Articles and pronouns 99. Rise of the indefinite article. 100. The particularizing pronoun one. 101. Reflexive pronouns. 102. Familiar and formal pronouns in forms of address. 103. Relative pronouns and their antecedents. 104. Ellipsis of relative pronoun. Subjects and direct objects 105. Ellipsis of the subject. 106. Pleonastic subjects. 107. Compound subjects. 108. Ellipsis of the object. 109. Pleonastic object. C. The prepositional phrase 110. The preposition of. 111. The prepositions mid and with. 112. The preposition to. 113. The preposition into. 114. The expression of agency in passive constructions. 115. Postpositive prepositions. 116. Preposition stranding. 117. Prepositions with pronominal objects. D. The verb phrase 118. Tense and aspect. 119. Mood: imperative. 120. Mood: subjunctive. 121. Mood: interrogative. 122. Impersonal and passive constructions. 123. Existential constructions. 124. Negation. 125. Auxiliaries. 126. Infinitive constructions. E. The clause 127. Position of adverbial elements. 128. Position of objects. 129. Extraposition fromclauses. 130. Subordinating conjunctions. 131. Placement of the verb. V. REGIONAL DIALECTOLOGY Factors in dialect variation 132. Orthography and phonology. 133. Mischsprachen. 134. The nature ofregional variation. Dialect maps 135. The Middle English dialect atlases. 136. LALME maps. 137. Some major isoglosses: introduction. 138. Some major isoglosses:descriptions. VI. POETIC FORM 139. Poetic types. A. Isochronous verse Scansion 140. Metrical feet. 141. Unstressed vowels. 142. Trisyllables. 143. Synizesis.144. Metrical properties of borrowings from French. Forms 145. Narrative forms. 146. Lyric forms. 147. The septenarius. B. Anisochronous verse 148. Historical background. 149. Early ME alliterative verse. 150. The AlliterativeRevival. 151. The alliterative form in the fourteenth century. TEXTS A NOTE ON THE TEXTS TWELFTH CENTURY The Peterborough Chronicle The Soul's Address to the Body The Ormulum Poema morale THIRTEENTH CENTURY Ancrene Wisse La3amon, Brut Kentish Sermons The Physiologus Seinte Marherete The Proverbs of Alfred The 1258 Proclamation of Henry III The Fox and the Wolf Ubi sunt qui ante nos fuerunt? The Thrush and the Nightingale King Horn The Owl and the Nightingale Havelok The Chronicle of Robert of Gloucester FOURTEENTH CENTURY Cursor Mundi Robert Mannyng of Brunne, Handlyng Synne Dan Michel of Northgate, Ayenbyte of Inwyt Laurence Minot, The Siege of Calais Richard Rolle, Three Exempla The Stanzaic Morte Arthur Patience The Alliterative Morte Arthure William Langland, Piers Plowman John Barbour, The Bruce John of Trevisa, Translation of Ranulph Higden's Polychronicon Petition of the Company of Mercers of London to Parliament (1388) John Gower, Confessio Amantis Geoffrey Chaucer, The Nun's Priest's Tale, from The Canterbury Tales FIFTEENTH CENTURY Thomas Hoccleve, La male regle John Lydgate, The Siege of Thebes The Book of Margery Kempe Margaret Paston, Two Letters to John Paston I (1444, 1448) The Wakefield Second Shepherds' Play Robert Henryson, The Testament of Cresseid APPENDIX GLOSSARY REFERENCES

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